Nursing Elites

1. Which nutrient source yields more than 4 kcalories per gram?

• A. plant fats
• B. plant proteins
• C. animal proteins
• D. plant carbohydrates

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is plant fats (Choice A). Fats, including plant fats, provide 9 kcalories per gram, which is more than 4 kcalories. Plant proteins (Choice B) and animal proteins (Choice C) provide 4 kcalories per gram. Plant carbohydrates (Choice D) also provide 4 kcalories per gram. Therefore, Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not yield more than 4 kcalories per gram.

2. What is a primary intervention for a child with a suspected respiratory infection?

• A. Administer antiviral medications
• B. Increase fluid intake and rest
• C. Restrict all physical activity
• D. Provide high-dose vitamin supplements

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Increasing fluid intake and rest is a primary intervention for a child with a suspected respiratory infection because it helps support the body’s recovery and maintains hydration levels. Antiviral medications (Choice A) are only used for specific viral infections and are not routinely recommended for suspected respiratory infections. Restricting physical activity (Choice C) may be necessary in certain cases to prevent overexertion, but it is not a primary intervention. Providing high-dose vitamin supplements (Choice D) may support the immune system in general but is not a primary intervention for a suspected respiratory infection.

3. How should a caregiver manage a child with a known allergy to peanuts?

• A. Avoid all peanut-containing products
• B. Encourage regular exposure to peanuts
• C. Administer antihistamines daily
• D. Recommend peanut-containing supplements

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Avoiding peanut-containing products is crucial for managing a peanut allergy and preventing allergic reactions. Choice B suggesting regular exposure to peanuts can be harmful and trigger severe allergic reactions in a child with a peanut allergy. Regular exposure can increase the risk of anaphylaxis. Choice C of administering antihistamines daily is not a primary prevention strategy and should not be the first-line approach for managing a peanut allergy. Antihistamines only treat symptoms and do not prevent the allergic reaction. Choice D of recommending peanut-containing supplements can also lead to severe allergic reactions and is not recommended for a child with a known peanut allergy. It is essential to eliminate all sources of peanuts to prevent accidental exposure and potential life-threatening reactions.

4. What intervention is recommended for a child with severe dehydration?

• A. Oral rehydration therapy
• B. Intravenous fluid replacement
• C. High-protein diet
• D. Increased physical activity

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Intravenous fluid replacement is the recommended intervention for a child with severe dehydration because it allows for rapid restoration of fluid and electrolyte balance. In severe cases, oral rehydration therapy (Choice A) may not be tolerated due to the child's condition. A high-protein diet (Choice C) is not the primary intervention and does not address the immediate fluid and electrolyte imbalance. Increased physical activity (Choice D) is contraindicated in severe dehydration as it can exacerbate fluid loss, making intravenous fluid replacement the most suitable choice for prompt correction of the severe dehydration.

5. What does the term 'essential nutrient' refer to?

• A. A nutrient that can be synthesized by the body.
• B. A nutrient that is required for proper body functioning.
• C. A nutrient that must be obtained from the diet because the body cannot produce it.
• D. A nutrient that can be stored in the body for long periods.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. An essential nutrient is a substance that is necessary for normal body functioning but cannot be synthesized in adequate amounts by the body, therefore it must be obtained from the diet. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because essential nutrients are not synthesized by the body, they are necessary for body functioning, and they are not typically stored in the body for long periods.

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