Nursing Elites

1. Which nervous system controls voluntary motor movement?

• A. Parasympathetic
• B. Sympathetic
• C. Autonomic
• D. Somatic

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Somatic. The somatic nervous system is responsible for controlling voluntary motor movements. It includes the motor neurons that innervate skeletal muscles and allows us to consciously control our movements. The parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems are part of the autonomic nervous system, which controls involuntary functions such as heart rate and digestion. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they are components of the autonomic nervous system and are not primarily responsible for voluntary motor movements.

2. Which valve prevents blood from entering the left atrium when the ventricles contract?

• A. Pulmonary valve
• B. Tricuspid valve
• C. Mitral valve
• D. Aortic valve

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is the mitral valve, also known as the bicuspid valve. The mitral valve prevents blood from flowing back into the left atrium during ventricular contraction. The tricuspid valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle, the pulmonary valve is between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery, and the aortic valve is situated between the left ventricle and the aorta. Therefore, choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they are not related to preventing blood from entering the left atrium during ventricular contraction.

3. Which hormone deficiency can lead to stunted growth and developmental delays in children?

• A. Estrogen
• B. Testosterone
• C. Growth hormone
• D. Insulin

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, Growth hormone. Growth hormone plays a crucial role in stimulating growth, cell reproduction, and regeneration in children. A deficiency in growth hormone can lead to stunted growth and developmental delays. Estrogen and testosterone are sex hormones that do not directly influence growth in the same way as growth hormone. Insulin primarily regulates blood sugar levels and is not the primary hormone responsible for growth and development in children.

4. The critical angle is defined as the minimum angle of incidence in a denser medium for which light undergoes:

• A. Total internal reflection
• B. Continued refraction
• C. Specular reflection
• D. Increased dispersion

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The critical angle is the minimum angle of incidence in a denser medium at which light undergoes total internal reflection instead of refraction. This phenomenon occurs when light travels from a denser medium to a less dense medium, and the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle. Total internal reflection is a crucial concept in optics and is utilized in various applications such as fiber optics and prisms. Choice B, 'Continued refraction,' is incorrect as the critical angle specifically marks the point at which total internal reflection occurs, not continued refraction. Choice C, 'Specular reflection,' does not accurately describe the phenomenon associated with the critical angle. Choice D, 'Increased dispersion,' is unrelated to the concept of the critical angle and does not describe the behavior of light at this specific point.

5. What property of a substance remains constant regardless of changes in its location in the universe?

• A. Mass
• B. Weight
• C. Density
• D. Volume

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Mass is the amount of matter in an object and remains constant regardless of its location in the universe. Weight, on the other hand, is the force of gravity acting on an object and can vary depending on the gravitational pull at different locations. Density and volume can change based on the conditions the substance is in, so they are not constant properties. Therefore, the correct answer is mass as it does not change with changes in location.

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