Nursing Elites

1. What might happen if blood sugar begins to drop in the human body?

• A. The pancreas releases insulin.
• B. The liver releases stored glucose.
• C. The liver stores glucose as glycogen.
• D. The pancreas releases glucagon.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: When blood sugar levels drop in the body, the pancreas releases glucagon. Glucagon acts to increase blood sugar levels by stimulating the liver to release stored glucose into the bloodstream. Therefore, the correct answer is D. Choice A is incorrect because the release of insulin lowers blood sugar levels, opposite of what happens when blood sugar is dropping. Choice B is incorrect as the liver releases stored glucose in response to low blood sugar, not when blood sugar is already dropping. Choice C is also incorrect as the liver stores glucose as glycogen but doesn't directly impact blood sugar levels dropping in the moment.

2. What is the primary function of the small intestine?

• A. To absorb water
• B. To absorb nutrients
• C. To store waste
• D. To produce enzymes

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: "To absorb nutrients." The small intestine's primary function is to absorb nutrients from digested food. It plays a crucial role in the digestion and absorption of nutrients such as proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals, which are essential for the body's functions and energy production. Choice A, "To absorb water," is incorrect because the absorption of water primarily occurs in the large intestine. Choice C, "To store waste," is incorrect as waste is stored in the large intestine before elimination. Choice D, "To produce enzymes," is incorrect because while the small intestine does receive enzymes from other organs to aid in digestion, its primary role is not enzyme production.

3. Which of the following is an example of a nonpolar solvent?

• A. Water
• B. Ethanol
• C. Acetone
• D. Hydrochloric acid

Correct answer: B

Rationale: - Water (option A) is a polar solvent due to its uneven distribution of charge, with the oxygen atom being partially negative and the hydrogen atoms being partially positive. - Ethanol (option B) is a nonpolar solvent because it has a symmetrical molecular structure that does not result in significant charge separation. - Acetone (option C) is a polar solvent as it contains a carbonyl group that results in a partial negative charge on the oxygen atom. - Hydrochloric acid (option D) is a polar solvent due to the presence of the highly electronegative chlorine atom, which results in a partial negative charge.

4. Which type of blood cell is primarily responsible for fighting infections?

• A. Red blood cell
• B. White blood cell
• C. Platelet
• D. Plasma

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: White blood cell. White blood cells are the primary cells responsible for fighting infections and foreign invaders in the body. Red blood cells carry oxygen to tissues, platelets help in blood clotting to prevent excessive bleeding, and plasma is the liquid component of blood that carries cells and nutrients. White blood cells, also known as leukocytes, play a crucial role in the immune system by identifying and destroying pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, and other harmful substances. Therefore, they are the key players in the body's defense against infections, making them the correct answer in this scenario. While red blood cells, platelets, and plasma have essential functions in the body, they are not primarily responsible for combating infections like white blood cells.

5. What determines the defining characteristic of an element?

• A. Neutrons in its nucleus
• B. Electrons surrounding the nucleus
• C. Protons in its nucleus
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The defining characteristic of an element is determined by the number of protons in its nucleus, which is referred to as the atomic number. The number of protons uniquely identifies an element. The correct answer is choice C because the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom defines its elemental identity, as different elements have a unique number of protons. Neutrons and electrons do play essential roles in the atom, but they do not determine the defining characteristic of an element. Neutrons contribute to the stability of the nucleus and isotopes of an element, while electrons are involved in chemical bonding and the reactivity of an atom.

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