Nursing Elites

1. A spring with a spring constant of 100 N/m is stretched 0.2 m from its equilibrium position. What is the potential energy stored in the spring?

• A. 2 J
• B. 4 J
• C. 8 J
• D. 20 J

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The potential energy stored in a spring is given by the formula \(PE = \frac{1}{2}kx^2\), where \(k\) is the spring constant and \(x\) is the displacement from the equilibrium position. Substituting the given values, we get \(PE = \frac{1}{2} \times 100 \times (0.2)^2 = 8\) J.

2. What is the length of DNA that can code for a particular protein?

• A. Chromosome
• B. Nucleotide
• C. Gene
• D. Ribosome

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Gene. A gene is a specific segment of DNA that contains the information necessary to produce a particular protein. Genes are responsible for coding proteins, and each gene carries the instructions for a specific protein. Chromosomes consist of many genes and are not a specific length that codes for a protein. Nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA and are not a length that codes for a protein. Ribosomes are cellular organelles involved in protein synthesis and do not directly code for proteins.

3. Which of the following is NOT an example of an intermolecular force?

• A. Hydrogen bonding
• B. Dipole-dipole interactions
• C. Ionic bonding
• D. London dispersion forces

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Ionic bonding is not considered an intermolecular force but an intramolecular force. Intermolecular forces occur between different molecules, while intramolecular forces act within a molecule. Hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole interactions, and London dispersion forces are intermolecular forces. Hydrogen bonding involves a hydrogen atom bonded to a highly electronegative atom, dipole-dipole interactions occur between polar molecules, and London dispersion forces are temporary attractions between nonpolar molecules.

4. After exposure to a pathogen, the immune system develops memory. What type of immune cell is responsible for this immunological memory?

• A. B cells
• B. T cells (specifically memory T cells)
• C. Phagocytes
• D. Natural killer cells

Correct answer: A

Rationale: B cells are responsible for immunological memory. Memory B cells, a type of B cells, retain a 'memory' of specific pathogens, enabling them to rapidly produce antibodies upon re-exposure. This rapid antibody production facilitates a quicker and more effective immune response. Although memory T cells also contribute to immunological memory by mounting a swift and robust immune response upon re-exposure to the pathogen, it is primarily memory B cells that play a crucial role in producing antibodies. Phagocytes are important immune cells involved in engulfing and digesting pathogens, while natural killer cells are primarily responsible for recognizing and eliminating abnormal cells, such as virus-infected cells or tumor cells. However, when it comes to immunological memory and antibody production, B cells are key players.

5. Which of the following best describes the statement 'This flower is dead; someone must have forgotten to water it'?

• A. A classification
• B. An observation
• C. An inference
• D. A collection

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is 'C: An inference.' An inference is a conclusion reached based on evidence and reasoning. In this statement, the conclusion that someone must have forgotten to water the flower is drawn from the evidence that the flower is dead. Choice A, 'A classification,' is incorrect because the statement does not involve categorizing or grouping. Choice B, 'An observation,' is incorrect as the statement goes beyond just stating a fact and makes a conclusion. Choice D, 'A collection,' is unrelated to the process of drawing a conclusion based on the given evidence.

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