Nursing Elites

1. Which hormone, produced by the pituitary gland, stimulates the growth and development of bones, muscles, and organs?

• A. Growth hormone (GH)
• B. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
• C. Prolactin
• D. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is Growth hormone (GH). GH, produced by the pituitary gland, is responsible for stimulating the growth and development of bones, muscles, and organs. It plays a critical role in regulating growth during childhood and adolescence by promoting cell division, protein synthesis, and tissue growth. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) functions to stimulate the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones, while prolactin is involved in milk production. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is primarily responsible for reproductive functions like egg development in females and sperm production in males.

2. Which vitamin plays a crucial role in calcium absorption in the small intestine?

• A. Vitamin A
• B. Vitamin C
• C. Vitamin D
• D. Vitamin E

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is Vitamin D. Vitamin D plays a crucial role in calcium absorption in the small intestine by enhancing the absorption of calcium and phosphorus. This helps in regulating the levels of these minerals in the body, which are essential for maintaining healthy bones. Vitamin A (Choice A) is important for vision and immune function, but it is not directly related to calcium absorption. Vitamin C (Choice B) is primarily known for its role in collagen synthesis and antioxidant functions, not calcium absorption. Vitamin E (Choice D) acts as an antioxidant and is not directly involved in calcium absorption in the small intestine.

3. Unlike the circulatory system, the lymphatic system does not have a pump. How does lymph move through the lymphatic vessels?

• A. By the pumping action of the heart
• B. Due to muscle contractions and breathing movements
• C. Through one-way valves within the vessels
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Lymph moves through the lymphatic vessels primarily due to muscle contractions and breathing movements and also with the help of one-way valves within the vessels. The lymphatic system lacks a central pump like the heart; hence, it relies on the contraction of surrounding muscles and breathing movements to propel lymph fluid. One-way valves within the lymphatic vessels prevent backflow and ensure the unidirectional flow of lymph. Option A is incorrect as the lymphatic system does not rely on the pumping action of the heart. Option D is incorrect as the correct answer is the combination of muscle contractions, breathing movements, and one-way valves, not all the options provided.

4. Lymph nodes, found along lymphatic vessels, are important for:

• A. Storing blood
• B. Producing antibodies
• C. Filtering lymph and trapping harmful substances
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Lymph nodes are essential for filtering lymph and trapping harmful substances. They are a vital part of the immune system as they remove pathogens and harmful substances from the lymph before it returns to the bloodstream. Lymph nodes do not store blood or produce antibodies, making choice C the correct answer. Choice A is incorrect because lymph nodes do not store blood; they primarily filter lymph. Choice B is incorrect as lymph nodes do not produce antibodies; that function is mainly carried out by specialized cells within the immune system. Choice D is incorrect as lymph nodes do not perform all the functions listed, making it an incorrect answer.

5. Which element's neutral atom has 2 electrons in the first shell and 6 electrons in the second shell of the electron cloud?

• A. Beryllium
• B. Carbon
• C. Helium
• D. Oxygen

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is Oxygen. Oxygen has a total of 8 electrons, with 2 in the first shell and 6 in the second shell. This configuration matches the description provided in the question. Choice A, Beryllium, has 2 electrons in total, so it cannot have 2 in the first shell and 6 in the second. Choice B, Carbon, has 6 electrons in total, so it also does not match the given electron distribution. Choice C, Helium, has only 2 electrons in total and therefore does not fit the electron configuration described in the question.

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