Nursing Elites

1. Which biological used in Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) is stored in the freezer?

• A. DPT
• B. OPV
• C. Hepatitis B vaccine
• D. Measles vaccine

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is OPV. Oral Polio Vaccine should be stored in the freezer to maintain its potency. Vaccines like DPT, Hepatitis B vaccine, and Measles vaccine are typically stored in the refrigerator to ensure their efficacy.

2. Which of the following is NOT a component of Primary Health Care (PHC)?

• A. Community participation
• B. Use of appropriate technology
• C. Equitable distribution of resources
• D. Exclusive focus on curative care

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Primary Health Care (PHC) is a comprehensive approach that includes preventive, promotive, curative, and rehabilitative care. It focuses on prevention, community participation, equitable distribution of resources, and the use of appropriate technology to address health needs. Exclusively focusing on curative care goes against the holistic nature of PHC.

3. RA 7160 mandates the devolution of basic services from the national government to local government units. What is the primary goal of this devolution?

• A. To strengthen local government units
• B. To allow greater autonomy to local government units
• C. To empower the people and promote their self-reliance
• D. To make basic services more accessible to the people

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The major goal of devolution, as outlined in RA 7160, is to empower the people and promote their self-reliance. By devolving basic services to local government units, the aim is to enhance people's participation in decision-making processes and foster self-reliance within communities, ultimately promoting empowerment and self-sufficiency.

4. In the investigation of an epidemic, you compare the present frequency of the disease with the usual frequency at this time of the year in this community. This is done during which stage of the investigation?

• A. Establishing the epidemic
• B. Testing the hypothesis
• C. Formulation of the hypothesis
• D. Appraisal of facts

Correct answer: A

Rationale: During the investigation of an epidemic, establishing the epidemic involves comparing the current frequency of the disease with the typical frequency for that time of year in the community. This comparison helps determine whether an epidemic is occurring by assessing if the number of cases exceeds the expected baseline, as well as establishing the link between the cases of the disease.

5. Which of the following is the most effective method for preventing the spread of infectious diseases?

• A. Antibiotic treatment
• B. Quarantine of infected individuals
• C. Vaccination
• D. Nutritional supplementation

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Vaccination is the most effective method for preventing the spread of infectious diseases as it helps in developing immunity against specific pathogens, reducing the likelihood of infection and transmission within a population. Antibiotics are used to treat infections, not prevent their spread. Quarantine limits the contact of infected individuals but does not provide long-term prevention. Nutritional supplementation can support overall health but is not a primary method for preventing infectious diseases.

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