which age group is most vulnerable to protein energy malnutrition pem

ATI LPN

ATI Proctored Community Health

1. Which age group is most vulnerable to protein-energy malnutrition (PEM)?

A. Infants below 6 months
B. Children aged 1-4 years
C. Adolescents
D. Elderly

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Children aged 1-4 years are most vulnerable to protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) due to their rapid growth and development, increased nutritional requirements, and sometimes inadequate diets. This age group is particularly susceptible to malnutrition if they do not receive adequate protein and energy-rich foods to support their growth and development.

2. Which of the following interventions is an example of tertiary prevention?

A. Vaccination campaigns
B. Health education seminars
C. Physical rehabilitation programs
D. Early disease screening

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Tertiary prevention focuses on managing and improving the quality of life for individuals who already have a disease or condition. Physical rehabilitation programs fall under tertiary prevention as they aim to enhance functioning and reduce disability caused by ongoing illness or injury, thus aligning with the goal of tertiary prevention.

3. What is an advantage of conducting a home visit?

A. It enables the nurse to provide nursing care to a greater number of people
B. It provides an opportunity to conduct a firsthand appraisal of the home situation
C. It allows sharing of experiences among people with similar health problems
D. It fosters the family’s initiative in providing for the health needs of its members

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Conducting a home visit provides an opportunity to conduct a firsthand appraisal of the home situation. This allows healthcare professionals to observe the living conditions, identify potential health hazards, and tailor care plans to the individual's environment. It helps in gaining a better understanding of the patient's lifestyle, social support, and resources available at home, leading to more personalized and effective care.

4. Public health services are given free of charge. Is this statement true or false?

A. The statement is true; it is the responsibility of government to provide these services
B. The statement is false; people pay indirectly for public health services
C. The statement may be true or false; depending on the Specific service required
D. The statement may be true or false; depending on policies of the government concerned.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Community health services, including public health services, are prepaid paid services, through taxation, for example.

5. Which statistic can provide the most accurate reflection of the health status of a community?

A. 1-4 year old age-specific mortality rate
B. Infant mortality rate
C. Swaroop’s index
D. Crude death rate

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Swaroop’s index is a valuable statistic that reflects the health status of a community by indicating the proportion of deaths aged 50 years and above. A higher Swaroop’s index signifies a greater proportion of individuals who lived at least 50 years before passing away. This metric provides insight into the overall health and longevity of a population, making it a more accurate reflection of community health compared to other mortality rates.