Nursing Elites

1. What is the relationship between the wavelength (λ) and frequency (f) of a wave with a constant speed (v)?

• A. λ = v / f
• B. λ = f / v
• C. λ = vf
• D. λ is independent of f and v

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The relationship between wavelength (λ), frequency (f), and speed (v) of a wave is given by the formula λ = v / f. This formula is derived from the wave equation v = fλ, where v is the speed of the wave, f is the frequency, and λ is the wavelength. By rearranging the equation, we get λ = v / f, indicating that the wavelength is inversely proportional to the frequency when the speed of the wave is constant. Therefore, choice A, λ = v / f, correctly represents the relationship between wavelength and frequency when the speed of the wave is held constant. Choice B, λ = f / v, is incorrect because it represents an inverse relationship between wavelength and speed, which is not the case. Choice C, λ = vf, is incorrect as it implies a direct relationship between wavelength, frequency, and speed, which is not accurate. Choice D, λ is independent of f and v, is incorrect as both frequency and speed affect the wavelength of a wave, as shown by the correct formula λ = v / f.

2. Two objects with equal masses collide head-on, both initially moving at the same speed. After the collision, they stick together. What is their final velocity?

• A. Zero
• B. Half their initial velocity
• C. Their initial velocity
• D. Twice their initial velocity

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In an inelastic collision where two objects stick together after colliding, momentum is conserved. Since the two objects have equal masses and equal initial velocities but opposite directions, their momenta cancel out. Therefore, after the collision, the combined mass will move at the same speed as the initial velocity, but in the direction of one of the objects. Choice A ('Zero') is incorrect because momentum is conserved, and the objects must move after the collision. Choice B ('Half their initial velocity') is incorrect as the final velocity is the same as the initial velocity due to momentum conservation. Choice D ('Twice their initial velocity') is incorrect as the final velocity cannot be twice the initial velocity based on the conservation of momentum principle.

3. What is the term for the particles moving within a substance?

• A. Ions
• B. Atoms
• C. Molecules
• D. Kinetic energy

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The term for the particles moving within a substance is typically 'molecules' or 'atoms,' depending on the state of matter. In this context, 'molecules' represent the particles moving around within a substance, especially in the liquid and gas states, while 'atoms' are the fundamental building blocks of matter. 'Ions' are charged particles that can be present in a substance but are not necessarily the primary particles in motion. 'Kinetic energy' is not a term used to describe the particles themselves but rather the energy associated with their motion.

4. What is a gene, and what is the relationship between genes, genotype, and phenotype?

• A. A gene is a sequence of amino acids; genes make up proteins; genotype determines phenotype
• B. A gene is a portion of DNA; genes determine traits; genotype is the genetic makeup; phenotype is the physical manifestation
• C. A gene is a protein; proteins determine traits; genotype is the set of all genes
• D. A gene is a lipid; lipids determine traits; phenotype is the physical manifestation

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A gene is a portion of DNA that contains the instructions for a specific trait. Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, encompassing all its genes. Phenotype, on the other hand, is the observable physical manifestation resulting from the interaction between an organism's genotype and environmental factors. Choice A is incorrect because genes do not consist of amino acids directly; they are sequences of nucleotides. Choice C is incorrect as genes do not determine traits directly but provide the instructions for proteins that may influence traits. Choice D is incorrect as genes are not lipids, and lipids do not determine traits; they are a type of biomolecule with different functions.

5. Which of the following describes the term allele?

• A. A specific form of a gene that can exist at a particular locus
• B. An inheritable variation of a gene
• C. A grouping of various genes
• D. Variations of complementary base pairs

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Alleles are different forms of a gene that can exist at a specific locus. They represent variations of a gene and are inheritable. Choice A is incorrect as it does not fully capture the concept of an allele, which is a specific form of a gene rather than a substitution. Choice C is incorrect as alleles are not a grouping of various genes but rather different forms of a single gene at a specific locus. Choice D is also incorrect as it does not accurately describe alleles; alleles are variations of genes, not base pairs.

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