Nursing Elites

1. What is the process by which damaged muscle tissue repairs and rebuilds itself?

• A. Degeneration
• B. Regeneration
• C. Hyperplasia
• D. Metaplasia

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Regeneration is the correct answer. It is the process by which damaged muscle tissue repairs and rebuilds itself. New muscle cells are formed during regeneration to replace the damaged ones, allowing the muscle to heal and regain its function. Degeneration refers to tissue breakdown, hyperplasia is the increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue, and metaplasia is the transformation of one type of tissue into another.

2. Which region of the small intestine is the primary site of absorption?

• A. Duodenum
• B. Jejunum
• C. Ileum
• D. Cecum

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The jejunum is the correct answer. It is the primary site of nutrient absorption in the small intestine. The duodenum mainly facilitates digestion, the ileum is responsible for further absorption, while the cecum is part of the large intestine and not involved in nutrient absorption.

3. Which of the following sets of valves is primarily responsible for preventing blood flow from major blood vessels to the heart?

• A. atrioventricular valves
• B. semilunar valves
• C. tricuspid valves
• D. bicuspid valves

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: semilunar valves. Semilunar valves are primarily responsible for preventing blood flow from major blood vessels to the heart. These valves are located at the base of the aorta and the pulmonary artery, ensuring blood flows in one direction only by closing when the ventricles relax to prevent blood from flowing back into the heart. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Atrioventricular valves (choice A) include the tricuspid and bicuspid valves, which prevent backflow between the atria and ventricles, not major blood vessels. Tricuspid valves (choice C) and bicuspid valves (choice D) are specific types of atrioventricular valves located between the atria and ventricles, not at the base of major blood vessels.

4. What type of cells compose the epidermis?

• A. Osteoclasts
• B. Connective
• C. Dendritic
• D. Epithelial

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Epithelial. The epidermis is composed of epithelial cells, specifically called keratinocytes, which are responsible for producing keratin, a protein that provides the skin with strength and flexibility. Epithelial cells form the protective outer layer of the skin and play a crucial role in skin repair and regeneration. Choice A - Osteoclasts are cells involved in bone remodeling, not found in the epidermis. Choice B - Connective tissue cells are not the primary cells found in the epidermis. They are more commonly found in the dermis, providing structural support and elasticity to the skin. Choice C - Dendritic cells are part of the immune system and are present in the skin to help recognize pathogens and activate the immune response. However, they are not the main cell type that composes the epidermis.

5. Which structure in the ear is responsible for maintaining balance?

• A. Cochlea
• B. Semicircular canals
• C. Eardrum
• D. Auditory nerve

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is the semicircular canals. These structures in the inner ear are responsible for maintaining balance and equilibrium by detecting rotational movements of the head. The cochlea is responsible for hearing as it contains the sensory cells for detecting sound vibrations, the eardrum is a membrane that transmits sound waves to the middle ear, and the auditory nerve carries sound signals from the cochlea to the brain for processing. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they are not primarily associated with maintaining balance.

Similar Questions