HESI LPN
Nutrition Final Exam
1. What is the most effective therapy for maintaining remission of acute lymphoblastic leukemia?
- A. Surgery to remove enlarged lymph nodes
- B. Long-term chemotherapy
- C. Nutritional supplements to enhance blood cell production
- D. Blood transfusions to replace ineffective red cells
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Long-term chemotherapy. Long-term chemotherapy, specifically with methotrexate, is the most effective therapy for maintaining remission in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Surgery to remove enlarged lymph nodes (Choice A) is not the primary treatment for leukemia. Nutritional supplements (Choice C) may support overall health but are not the mainstay therapy for maintaining leukemia remission. Blood transfusions (Choice D) are used to address anemia in some cases but are not the primary treatment for maintaining remission in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
2. What should be assessed in an infant diagnosed with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis?
- A. Diarrhea after each feeding
- B. Gastric pain and vigorous crying
- C. Poor appetite due to poor sucking reflex
- D. An olive-shaped mass right of the midline
Correct answer: D
Rationale: In hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, an olive-shaped mass can often be palpated in the infant's abdomen, which is a hallmark sign of this condition. This mass is located in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, right of the midline. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because while infants with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis may experience vomiting (not diarrhea), gastric pain, and irritability, and have feeding difficulties, the key assessment finding specific to this condition is the palpable olive-shaped mass in the abdomen.
3. What is critical for preventing complications in an infant with hypothyroidism?
- A. Excessive growth
- B. Cognitive impairment
- C. Damage to the nervous system
- D. Damage to the urinary system
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cognitive impairment. In infants with hypothyroidism, prompt administration of oral thyroid hormone replacement is crucial to prevent cognitive impairment and other serious complications. Excessive growth (choice A) is not a typical complication of hypothyroidism in infants. While hypothyroidism can affect the nervous system (choice C), cognitive impairment is more specific to untreated cases. Damage to the urinary system (choice D) is not a common complication of hypothyroidism in infants.
4. Approximately how many grams does a normal half-cup vegetable portion weigh?
- A. 5 grams
- B. 50 grams
- C. 100 grams
- D. 150 grams
Correct answer: C
Rationale: A normal half-cup vegetable portion usually weighs around 100 grams. This weight is a standard measurement for a half-cup serving of vegetables, making choice C the correct answer. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the typical weight of a half-cup vegetable portion.
5. What is a key dietary consideration for a child with phenylketonuria (PKU)?
- A. High-fiber diet
- B. Low-phenylalanine diet
- C. Increased dairy intake
- D. High-sodium diet
Correct answer: B
Rationale: A low-phenylalanine diet is crucial for managing PKU to prevent neurological damage and maintain normal development. Phenylalanine is an amino acid found in protein-containing foods, and individuals with PKU have difficulty metabolizing it. Consuming foods low in phenylalanine helps prevent the buildup of toxic byproducts in the body. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. A high-fiber diet, increased dairy intake, and high-sodium diet are not specific dietary considerations for PKU management. In fact, dairy products are a source of protein and phenylalanine, which should be limited in PKU.
Similar Questions
Access More Features
HESI LPN Basic
$69.99/ 30 days
- 5,000 Questions with answers
- All HESI courses Coverage
- 30 days access
HESI LPN Premium
$149.99/ 90 days
- 5,000 Questions with answers
- All HESI courses Coverage
- 30 days access