Nursing Elites

1. What is the molarity of a solution made by dissolving 4.0 grams of NaCl into enough water to make 120 mL of solution? The atomic mass of Na is 23.0 g/mol, and Cl is 35.5 g/mol.

• A. 0.34 M
• B. 0.57 M
• C. 0.034 M
• D. 0.057 M

Correct answer: B

Rationale: To find the molarity, first calculate the moles of NaCl. Moles of NaCl = 4.0 g / (23.0 g/mol + 35.5 g/mol) = 0.068 mol. Next, use the formula for molarity: Molarity = moles of solute / liters of solution. Molarity = 0.068 mol / 0.120 L = 0.57 M. Therefore, the molarity of the solution is 0.57 M. Choice A, 0.34 M, is incorrect as it does not match the calculated molarity. Choice C, 0.034 M, is incorrect as it is a decimal point off from the correct molarity. Choice D, 0.057 M, is incorrect as it does not match the calculated molarity of 0.57 M.

2. Which blood vessels carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body?

• A. Pulmonary arteries
• B. Pulmonary veins
• C. Systemic arteries
• D. Systemic veins

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is systemic arteries. Systemic arteries carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body to provide oxygen and nutrients to tissues. Pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation. Pulmonary veins transport oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart. Systemic veins return deoxygenated blood from the body tissues to the heart for reoxygenation. Therefore, choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body.

3. What are the two main types of nuclear decay, and what differentiates them?

• A. Fission and fusion, based on the size of the nucleus
• B. Alpha and beta decay, based on the emitted particle
• C. Spontaneous and induced decay, based on the trigger
• D. Isotope decay and chain reactions, based on the stability of the nucleus

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. The two main types of nuclear decay are alpha and beta decay, which are differentiated based on the emitted particle. In alpha decay, an alpha particle (consisting of two protons and two neutrons) is emitted from the nucleus, while in beta decay, a beta particle (either an electron or a positron) is emitted. These decay types are distinguished by the particles they emit, not by the size of the nucleus, trigger, or stability of the nucleus. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because fission, fusion, spontaneous, induced, isotope decay, and chain reactions are different processes in nuclear physics and do not represent the two main types of nuclear decay based on emitted particles.

4. Which of the following conditions is characterized by a wasting or decrease in muscle mass?

• A. Hypertrophy
• B. Atrophy
• C. Spasticity
• D. Myopathy

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Atrophy is the correct answer as it is characterized by a wasting or decrease in muscle mass. Hypertrophy, on the other hand, refers to an increase in muscle size. Spasticity is associated with increased muscle tone due to continuous contraction of muscles. Myopathy, on the other hand, is a broad term used to describe various muscle diseases affecting muscle tissue, which may or may not involve muscle wasting.

5. What is the primary function of the lymphatic system?

• A. To transport oxygen throughout the body
• B. To filter blood and remove waste
• C. To fight infection and remove excess fluid
• D. To transport hormones

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'To fight infection and remove excess fluid.' The lymphatic system plays a crucial role in the body's immune response by fighting infections through lymphocytes and removing excess fluid from tissues, maintaining fluid balance. It does not primarily transport oxygen, filter blood, or transport hormones. While the lymphatic system is involved in lipid absorption and transport, its primary functions are related to immunity and fluid balance.

Similar Questions