Nursing Elites

1. What type of immunity does a vaccine provide? Choose only ONE best answer.

• A. Naturally acquired passive immunity
• B. Artificially acquired passive immunity
• C. Naturally acquired active immunity
• D. Artificially acquired active immunity

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Artificially acquired active immunity. Vaccines work by stimulating the immune system to produce an active response, leading to the development of immunity against specific pathogens. Choice A, naturally acquired passive immunity, is incorrect as it refers to the temporary immunity passed from mother to child, not through vaccines. Choice B, artificially acquired passive immunity, is also incorrect because passive immunity involves the transfer of pre-formed antibodies, not the stimulation of the immune system by vaccines. Choice C, naturally acquired active immunity, is incorrect since it is acquired through natural exposure to pathogens, not through vaccines.

2. Which structure in the heart is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to the body?

• A. Right ventricle
• B. Left ventricle
• C. Left atrium
• D. Right atrium

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The left ventricle is the chamber responsible for pumping oxygenated blood from the heart to the body. It receives oxygen-rich blood from the left atrium and contracts to push this blood out to the rest of the body through the aorta. The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation, making choices A, C, and D incorrect for this function. Therefore, the correct answer is B, the Left ventricle.

3. Which hormone is responsible for regulating blood sugar levels and is produced by the pancreas?

• A. Insulin
• B. Glucagon
• C. Testosterone
• D. Estrogen

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Insulin is the correct answer. It is the hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose from the blood into cells for energy production or storage. Glucagon, also produced by the pancreas, has the opposite effect of increasing blood sugar levels by promoting the release of stored glucose from the liver. Testosterone and estrogen are sex hormones produced by the testes and ovaries, respectively, and are not directly involved in regulating blood sugar levels.

4. In the context of the cardiac cycle, what does the P wave on an electrocardiogram (ECG) represent?

• A. Atrial depolarization
• B. Ventricular depolarization
• C. Atrial repolarization
• D. Ventricular repolarization

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The P wave on an electrocardiogram (ECG) represents atrial depolarization, which signifies the electrical activation of the atria as they prepare to contract. During the cardiac cycle, atrial depolarization occurs first, leading to atrial contraction. Ventricular depolarization is represented by the QRS complex, not the P wave. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the P wave specifically corresponds to atrial depolarization, not ventricular depolarization, atrial repolarization, or ventricular repolarization.

5. What is the unit of measurement for power?

• A. Joule (J)
• B. Newton (N)
• C. Watt (W)
• D. Kilogram-meter (kg·m)

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Power is the rate at which work is done or energy is transferred. The unit of measurement for power is the watt (W), named after James Watt, the inventor of the steam engine. The watt is defined as one joule per second, where a joule (J) is the unit of energy. Choice A, Joule (J), is incorrect because a joule is a unit of energy, not power. Choice B, Newton (N), is incorrect as a Newton is a unit of force, not power. Choice D, Kilogram-meter (kg·m), is incorrect as it represents a unit of torque, not power. Therefore, the correct answer is C: Watt (W).

Similar Questions