Nursing Elites

1. A researcher wants to conduct qualitative research. Which method should they use?

• A. Collecting patient narratives
• B. Tracking the dosage of a drug and its blood levels in the patient
• C. Observing a patient's physical changes
• D. Writing journal notes about the research experience

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Qualitative research focuses on gathering non-numerical, descriptive data to explore experiences, behaviors, or perspectives. Collecting patient narratives aligns with qualitative research as it involves capturing detailed accounts of individuals' experiences or viewpoints. Choices B, C, and D involve more quantitative approaches by focusing on measurable quantities, observations, or structured note-taking, which are not characteristic of qualitative research methods.

2. What is the first event to occur in a primary immune response?

• A. Macrophages phagocytose pathogens and present their antigens.
• B. Neutrophils aggregate and act as cytotoxic, nonspecific killers of pathogens.
• C. B lymphocytes make pathogen-specific antibodies.
• D. Helper T cells secrete interleukins to activate pathogen-fighting cells.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. The initial event in a primary immune response is the phagocytosis of pathogens by macrophages and the subsequent presentation of their antigens, which is crucial for initiating the adaptive immune response. Neutrophils (Choice B) are also involved in the innate immune response, but they typically respond after macrophages. B lymphocytes (Choice C) produce antibodies later in the adaptive immune response, and Helper T cells (Choice D) help in coordinating the immune response but are not the first cells to act in a primary immune response.

3. Which part of the nervous system is responsible for transmitting signals from the sensory organs to the central nervous system?

• A. Autonomic nervous system
• B. Somatic nervous system
• C. Peripheral nervous system
• D. Central nervous system

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, the peripheral nervous system. The peripheral nervous system is responsible for transmitting signals from the sensory organs to the central nervous system. It consists of nerves that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body, including sensory nerves that carry information from the sensory organs to the brain and spinal cord. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. The autonomic nervous system is responsible for involuntary functions like heart rate and digestion, the somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements, and the central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord.

4. What factors can contribute to edema, a condition characterized by swelling due to a buildup of lymph fluid?

• A. Regular exercise
• B. Maintaining a healthy weight
• C. Poor circulation or blockage in the lymphatic system
• D. Proper hydration

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Edema is caused by the accumulation of excess fluid in the body's tissues, leading to swelling. Poor circulation or blockage in the lymphatic system can contribute to the development of edema by impairing the body's ability to properly drain fluid. While regular exercise, maintaining a healthy weight, and proper hydration are crucial for overall health, they are not direct causes of edema. Poor circulation or blockage in the lymphatic system disrupts the normal balance of fluid in the body, resulting in edema. Therefore, the correct factor that can contribute to edema is poor circulation or blockage in the lymphatic system.

5. From which type of tissue is the myelin sheath derived, a fatty substance that insulates nerve fibers?

• A. Epithelial tissue
• B. Muscle tissue
• C. Nervous tissue (glial cells)
• D. Connective tissue

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The myelin sheath, a fatty substance that insulates nerve fibers, is derived from nervous tissue, specifically glial cells. Glial cells, including oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system, are responsible for producing the myelin sheath that surrounds and insulates nerve fibers, aiding in the conduction of nerve impulses. Epithelial tissue (Choice A), Muscle tissue (Choice B), and Connective tissue (Choice D) are not responsible for producing the myelin sheath; instead, nervous tissue (glial cells) plays this crucial role.

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