Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following describes a situation in which research results are consistent with every subsequent experiment, but the test used in the experiment does not measure what it claims to measure?

• A. reliable, but not valid
• B. valid, but not reliable
• C. neither reliable nor valid
• D. both reliable and valid

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, 'reliable, but not valid.' In this scenario, the research results are consistent in every subsequent experiment, indicating reliability. However, the test used does not measure what it claims to measure, leading to a lack of validity in the results. Choice B, 'valid, but not reliable,' would imply that the test consistently measures what it claims but the results are not consistent, which is not the case here. Choice C, 'neither reliable nor valid,' would suggest that the results are neither consistent nor relevant, which does not align with the provided scenario. Choice D, 'both reliable and valid,' would mean that the results are consistent and measure what they claim to measure, which contradicts the situation described in the question.

2. What is the function of fascia in muscle tissue?

• A. to enclose, protect, support, and separate muscle tissue
• B. to connect muscle tissue to bone
• C. to serve as the contractile unit of muscle
• D. to slide past the actin protein cells in muscle to create contraction

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'to enclose, protect, support, and separate muscle tissue.' Fascia is a connective tissue that surrounds muscles, providing structural support, protecting them from friction and injury, and helping in movement. Choice B is incorrect as tendons are responsible for connecting muscle tissue to bone. Choice C is incorrect as the contractile unit of muscle is the sarcomere, not fascia. Choice D is incorrect as the process described relates to muscle contraction mechanisms involving actin and myosin, not the function of fascia.

3. In order to verify if a particular drug is responsible for the recovery of individuals with a disorder, what procedure would be most effective in testing its effectiveness?

• A. Ensure that neither the subjects nor the investigators know which subjects are given the drug and which are given the placebo.
• B. Ensure that the subjects do not know whether they are given the drug or the placebo, but the investigators are aware of who has received the medication.
• C. Ensure that the investigators do not know whether they are administering the drug or the placebo, but the subjects do know which they are receiving.
• D. Ensure that both the investigators and the subjects have full knowledge of which subjects are getting the drug and which are getting a placebo.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The most effective procedure in testing whether the drug is responsible for the recovery is to ensure that neither the subjects nor the investigators know which subjects are given the drug and which are given the placebo. This method is known as a double-blind study, which helps eliminate biases and ensures that the results are reliable and not influenced by expectations or beliefs. By keeping both the subjects and investigators unaware of who is receiving the drug or placebo, the study can accurately determine the true impact of the drug on recovery. Choice B is incorrect as it only prevents the subjects from knowing which treatment they are receiving, allowing for potential bias from the investigators. Choice C is also incorrect as it allows for potential bias from the subjects. Choice D is incorrect as full knowledge of treatment allocation can introduce bias and affect the study's validity.

4. Which of the following is a property of amphiprotic substances?

• A. React with acids only
• B. React with bases only
• C. Can act as both acids and bases
• D. Are inert in chemical reactions

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Can act as both acids and bases. Amphiprotic substances have the ability to donate a proton (act as an acid) or accept a proton (act as a base) depending on the reaction conditions. This dual nature allows them to participate in a wide range of chemical reactions, making them versatile and important in various chemical processes. Choices A and B are incorrect because amphiprotic substances are not limited to reacting with only acids or bases; they can interact with both. Choice D is incorrect because amphiprotic substances are not inert; they actively participate in chemical reactions by donating or accepting protons.

5. As a water wave approaches a shallow beach, what happens to its speed, wavelength, and frequency?

• A. Speed increases, wavelength decreases, frequency increases.
• B. Speed decreases, wavelength decreases, frequency remains the same.
• C. Speed increases, wavelength increases, frequency decreases.
• D. Speed, wavelength, and frequency remain the same.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: As a water wave approaches a shallow beach, the speed of the wave decreases due to the change in medium from deep to shallow water. According to the wave equation (speed = frequency x wavelength), if the speed decreases and the frequency remains the same, the wavelength must also decrease to maintain the equation balanced. This phenomenon occurs due to the wavefronts being slowed down by the shallower water, causing the wavelength to decrease while the frequency remains constant. Choice A is incorrect as the speed of the wave decreases in shallow water. Choice C is incorrect because the speed increases in deep water, not in shallow water. Choice D is incorrect as all the wave characteristics change when moving from deep to shallow water.

Similar Questions