Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is an example of a secondary alcohol?

• A. Methanol
• B. Ethanol
• C. Isopropanol
• D. Butanol

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Isopropanol is indeed an example of a secondary alcohol because the carbon atom bearing the hydroxyl group is bonded to two other carbon atoms. In isopropanol, the hydroxyl group is attached to a carbon atom that is bonded to two other carbon atoms. Methanol (Choice A) is a primary alcohol with the hydroxyl group attached to a carbon atom that is bonded to one other carbon atom. Ethanol (Choice B) is also a primary alcohol with the hydroxyl group attached to a carbon atom that is bonded to one other carbon atom. Butanol (Choice D) is a primary alcohol with the hydroxyl group attached to a carbon atom that is bonded to three other carbon atoms, making it a primary alcohol.

2. What is the function of the pericardium, the sac surrounding the heart?

• A. To generate electrical impulses for heart contraction
• B. To transport blood throughout the body
• C. To provide lubrication for heart movement
• D. To protect the heart and anchor it in place

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The pericardium is a double-walled sac that surrounds the heart and contains a small amount of fluid to provide lubrication for the movement of the heart within the chest cavity. It helps reduce friction as the heart beats and moves. Choice A is incorrect because the generation of electrical impulses for heart contraction is primarily the function of the heart's specialized conduction system. Choice B is incorrect as the pericardium is not involved in the transportation of blood throughout the body. Choice D is also incorrect as while the pericardium does protect the heart, its primary function is to provide lubrication and reduce friction.

3. Define 'friction' in terms of opposing motion.

• A. A force that increases motion
• B. A force that accelerates motion
• C. A force that opposes motion
• D. A force that creates motion

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Friction is a force that opposes motion. When two surfaces are in contact, friction acts in the opposite direction to the motion or the potential motion between the two surfaces. It resists the relative motion of solid surfaces, fluid layers, and material elements sliding against each other. Friction hinders or prevents motion rather than promoting it. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they suggest that friction increases, accelerates, or creates motion, which is inaccurate. The correct definition of friction is that it opposes motion, making choice C the most appropriate option.

4. What property of a wave determines its pitch in sound waves?

• A. Amplitude
• B. Frequency
• C. Wavelength
• D. Speed

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The pitch of a sound wave is determined by its frequency. Frequency is the number of cycles of a wave that occur in a unit of time, usually measured in hertz (Hz). Higher frequencies correspond to higher pitches, while lower frequencies correspond to lower pitches. Amplitude refers to the height of a wave and is related to the loudness of the sound. Wavelength is the distance between two consecutive points in a wave that are in phase, and speed is the rate at which a wave travels through a medium. Therefore, the correct answer is frequency as it directly correlates with the pitch of a sound wave.

5. Which of the following structures in the skin is responsible for producing sweat?

• A. Sebaceous gland
• B. Sudoriferous gland
• C. Hair follicle
• D. Melanocyte

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sudoriferous gland. Sudoriferous glands, also known as sweat glands, are responsible for producing sweat to regulate body temperature. Sebaceous glands produce sebum (oil) to lubricate the skin and hair. Hair follicles are associated with hair growth, not sweat production. Melanocytes are responsible for producing melanin for skin pigmentation, not sweat.

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