Nursing Elites

1. What is a common sign of a urinary tract infection (UTI) in toddlers?

• A. Excessive thirst
• B. Frequent, painful urination
• C. Increased appetite
• D. Skin rash

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Frequent, painful urination is a common sign of a urinary tract infection in toddlers. This symptom is often accompanied by possible fever and irritability. Excessive thirst (Choice A) is not a typical sign of a UTI in toddlers and is more commonly associated with conditions like diabetes. Increased appetite (Choice C) is not a typical symptom of a UTI in toddlers either. Skin rash (Choice D) is not a common sign of a UTI but may indicate other conditions like allergies or infections.

2. How is gastroesophageal reflux (GER) typically treated in infants?

• A. Keeping the infant NPO
• B. Thickening the formula or breast milk with cereal
• C. Placing the infant to sleep on the side
• D. Switching the infant to cow's milk

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Thickening the formula or breast milk with cereal is a common treatment for gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in infants. By adding cereal, the feedings become heavier, making it less likely for the stomach contents to reflux. Keeping the infant NPO (nothing by mouth) is not typically necessary for GER treatment and might not be appropriate. Placing the infant to sleep on the side is not recommended due to the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Switching the infant to cow's milk is also not a recommended treatment for GER as it can exacerbate symptoms due to its protein content.

3. Food energy is commonly expressed in kilocalories and in what other unit?

• A. kilojoules
• B. kilograms
• C. kilometers
• D. kilonewtons

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Food energy is commonly expressed in kilocalories and kilojoules. Kilocalories and kilojoules are both units of energy commonly used to measure the energy content of food. Kilograms, kilometers, and kilonewtons are units of mass, distance, and force, respectively, and are not used to express food energy.

4. Approximately how many grams does a normal half-cup vegetable portion weigh?

• A. 5 grams
• B. 50 grams
• C. 100 grams
• D. 150 grams

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A normal half-cup vegetable portion usually weighs around 100 grams. This weight is a standard measurement for a half-cup serving of vegetables, making choice C the correct answer. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the typical weight of a half-cup vegetable portion.

5. What should be included in the medical management of a sickle cell crisis?

• A. Information for parents on home care
• B. Adequate hydration and pain management
• C. Pain management and iron supplements
• D. Adequate oxygenation and factor VIII

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Adequate hydration and pain management. During a sickle cell crisis, it is essential to provide hydration to prevent vaso-occlusive events and manage pain effectively with analgesics. Adequate hydration helps maintain blood flow and prevent further sickling of red blood cells. Pain management is crucial to alleviate the severe pain associated with sickle cell crises. Options A, C, and D are incorrect. Providing information for parents on home care (Option A) may be important for ongoing management but is not specific to an acute crisis. Iron supplements (Option C) are not typically indicated during a sickle cell crisis. Adequate oxygenation and factor VIII (Option D) are not primary interventions for managing a sickle cell crisis; instead, oxygen therapy may be considered in severe cases, and factor VIII is not a standard treatment for sickle cell disease.

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