HESI LPN
HESI Fundamentals 2023 Test Bank
1. What instruction should the nurse provide for a UAP caring for a client with MRSA who has a prescription for contact precautions?
- A. Allow visitors with precautions in place
- B. Wear sterile gloves when handling the client's body fluid
- C. Have the client wear a mask whenever someone enters the room
- D. Don a gown and gloves when entering the room
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct instruction for a UAP caring for a client with MRSA under contact precautions is to don a gown and gloves when entering the room. Wearing a gown and gloves is necessary to prevent the transmission of MRSA. Choice A is incorrect because visitors may be allowed with proper precautions in place. Choice B is incorrect as it assumes the client has body fluid precautions, which is not specified. Choice C is incorrect as it does not address the UAP's protective measures but rather focuses on the client wearing a mask.
2. A client will require oxygen therapy at home. Which of the following statements should the nurse identify as an indication that the client understands how to manage this therapy at home?
- A. I'll make sure that, when my friend comes by, they smoke at least 6 feet away from my oxygen tank.
- B. I'll use a cotton blanket if I get chilly while I'm using my oxygen.
- C. I'll check the wires and cables on my oxygen equipment to make sure they are in good working order.
- D. I'll secure my oxygen tank in an upright position to prevent it from being knocked over.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Ensuring the oxygen equipment's wires and cables are in good working order is crucial to prevent sparks in an oxygen-rich environment, which could lead to a fire. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because smoking near an oxygen tank, using a cotton blanket near oxygen (as cotton is less likely to generate static electricity than wool), and laying the oxygen tank down on the floor pose significant safety risks and are not appropriate practices for managing oxygen therapy at home.
3. A healthcare professional is providing care to a client who has a tracheostomy. Which of the following actions should the professional take to prevent complications?
- A. Clean around the stoma with povidone-iodine.
- B. Maintain sterile technique when performing tracheostomy care.
- C. Use clean technique when suctioning the tracheostomy.
- D. Change tracheostomy ties weekly.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Maintaining sterile technique when performing tracheostomy care is essential in preventing infections and complications. Option A is incorrect because povidone-iodine may be too harsh for cleaning around the stoma and can lead to skin irritation. Option C is incorrect because suctioning a tracheostomy should be done using sterile technique to minimize the risk of introducing pathogens. Option D is incorrect as tracheostomy ties need to be changed more frequently, usually every 1-2 days, to prevent skin breakdown and infection.
4. A client in an oncology clinic is being assessed by a nurse while undergoing treatment for ovarian cancer. Which of the following statements by the client indicates she is experiencing psychological distress?
- A. I keep having nightmares about my upcoming surgery.
- B. I feel more energetic than I did before.
- C. I have been making plans for the future.
- D. I am looking forward to starting my new treatment.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Choice A is the correct answer as nightmares about upcoming surgery indicate psychological distress commonly associated with fears, anxiety, and stress related to the treatment. Choices B, C, and D suggest positive emotions and proactive behaviors that are not typical signs of psychological distress in this context. Feeling more energetic, making future plans, and looking forward to treatment are generally positive indicators of coping and adjustment to the situation.
5. A client in the emergency department is being cared for by a nurse and has abdominal trauma. Which of the following assessment findings should the nurse identify as an indication of hypovolemic shock?
- A. Tachycardia
- B. Elevated blood pressure
- C. Warm, dry skin
- D. Decreased respiratory rate
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Tachycardia is a hallmark sign of hypovolemic shock. When a client experiences significant blood loss, the body compensates by increasing the heart rate to maintain adequate perfusion to vital organs. Elevated blood pressure is not typically seen in hypovolemic shock; instead, hypotension is a more common finding. Warm, dry skin is characteristic of neurogenic shock, not hypovolemic shock. Decreased respiratory rate is not a typical manifestation of hypovolemic shock, as the body usually tries to increase respiratory effort to improve oxygenation in response to hypovolemia.
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