Nursing Elites

1. What characteristic unites all organisms in the kingdom Animalia?

• A. Multicellularity and heterotrophy
• B. Unicellular nature
• C. Photosynthesis
• D. Cell walls made of chitin

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A) Multicellularity and heterotrophy: This is the correct answer because all organisms in the kingdom Animalia are multicellular (composed of multiple cells) and exhibit heterotrophy (obtain nutrients by consuming other organisms). B) Unicellular nature: This is incorrect because organisms in the kingdom Animalia are multicellular, not unicellular. C) Photosynthesis: This is incorrect because organisms in the kingdom Animalia do not perform photosynthesis; they are heterotrophs that obtain nutrients by consuming other organisms. D) Cell walls made of chitin: This is incorrect because organisms in the kingdom Animalia do not have cell walls made of chitin. Chitin is a structural polysaccharide found in the cell walls of fungi, not animals.

2. During photosynthesis, plants capture sunlight and convert water and carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen. This is an example of a:

• A. Decomposition reaction
• B. Combustion reaction
• C. Synthesis reaction
• D. Double displacement reaction

Correct answer: C

Rationale: This is an example of a synthesis reaction because simpler substances (water and carbon dioxide) are combined to form a more complex substance (glucose) in the presence of sunlight. Choice A (Decomposition reaction) involves breaking down a compound into simpler substances, which is the opposite of what happens in photosynthesis. Choice B (Combustion reaction) typically involves a substance reacting with oxygen to produce heat and light, not the formation of glucose and oxygen from simpler substances. Choice D (Double displacement reaction) involves an exchange of ions between two compounds, which is not what occurs in photosynthesis.

3. What is the term for the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a solvent at a specific temperature and pressure?

• A. Molarity
• B. Solubility
• C. Concentration
• D. Saturation

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Solubility is the correct term for the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a solvent at a specific temperature and pressure. Molarity is a measure of concentration, not the maximum amount that can dissolve. Concentration is a general term for the amount of solute present in a given amount of solvent. Saturation is related to solubility but specifically refers to a state where no more solute can be dissolved in the solvent.

4. What is the main consequence of a malfunctioning thyroid gland that produces abnormally low levels of thyroid hormones?

• A. Increased energy levels and weight loss
• B. Decreased heart rate and body temperature
• C. Enhanced muscle growth and bone development
• D. Faster metabolism and heightened alertness

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Decreased heart rate and body temperature. A malfunctioning thyroid gland that produces abnormally low levels of thyroid hormones leads to hypothyroidism, resulting in decreased metabolic activity. This reduction in metabolic rate can cause a decreased heart rate and lower body temperature. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because hypothyroidism typically manifests as symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, bradycardia, and decreased body temperature, rather than increased energy levels, enhanced muscle growth, faster metabolism, or heightened alertness.

5. Which type of blood vessel carries oxygenated blood away from the heart?

• A. Vein
• B. Artery
• C. Capillary
• D. Lymphatic vessel

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body, delivering nutrients and oxygen to the tissues. Veins, on the other hand, carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. Capillaries are where the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products occurs between the blood and tissues. Lymphatic vessels are responsible for transporting lymph, which is a clear fluid containing white blood cells and waste products, and play a key role in the immune system.

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