Nursing Elites

1. What are the three types of muscle tissues?

• A. Cardiac, smooth, epithelial
• B. Skeletal, cardiac, smooth
• C. Cardiac, smooth, connective
• D. Skeletal, epithelial, connective

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Skeletal, cardiac, smooth. Skeletal muscle tissue is responsible for voluntary movement, cardiac muscle tissue is found in the heart and is responsible for involuntary heart contractions, and smooth muscle tissue is located in organs and is responsible for involuntary movements. Therefore, the three types of muscle tissues are skeletal, cardiac, and smooth. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they include types of tissues that are not classified as muscle tissues. Epithelial and connective tissues are different types of tissues that serve other functions in the body, not related to muscle contractions.

2. Which of the following is the control group in the above experiment?

• A. tank A
• B. tank B
• C. tank C
• D. There is no control group in this experiment.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: There is no control group in this experiment. A control group is a group in an experiment that does not receive the treatment being studied in order to serve as a baseline for comparison. In this case, all three tanks (A, B, and C) are being treated with different amounts of fertilizer, and there is no group that is left untreated to serve as a control for comparison. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they all represent tanks that are part of the experimental groups receiving different amounts of fertilizer, thus none of them can be considered the control group.

3. Centrioles are structures involved in cell division. What is their specific role?

• A. Forming the nuclear envelope
• B. Replicating DNA
• C. Organizing microtubules during cell division
• D. Protein synthesis

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Centrioles are involved in organizing microtubules during cell division, specifically in forming the mitotic spindle. The mitotic spindle is crucial for the proper alignment and separation of chromosomes during cell division, ensuring the accurate distribution of genetic material to daughter cells. Choice A, forming the nuclear envelope, is incorrect as centrioles do not have a direct role in this process. Choice B, replicating DNA, is incorrect as centrioles are not involved in DNA replication. Choice D, protein synthesis, is incorrect as centrioles do not play a role in protein synthesis.

4. A satellite orbits the Earth at a constant speed. Which force is responsible for its circular motion?

• A. Gravitational force from the Earth
• B. Thrust from the satellite's engine
• C. Friction between the satellite and the atmosphere
• D. Normal force from the Earth's surface

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The gravitational force from the Earth is responsible for keeping the satellite in its circular orbit. This force provides the necessary centripetal force required to maintain the circular motion of the satellite. The gravitational force acts as the centripetal force, pulling the satellite towards the center of the Earth, thereby keeping it in its circular path. Choices B, C, and D do not provide the necessary force to keep the satellite in its circular path. Thrust from the satellite's engine would change the speed or direction of the satellite, not maintain its circular path. Friction between the satellite and the atmosphere would act as a resistive force, slowing down the satellite rather than maintaining its orbit. The normal force from the Earth's surface is perpendicular to the surface and does not contribute to the circular motion of the satellite. Therefore, the correct answer is A, as the gravitational force acts as the centripetal force to keep the satellite in its circular path around the Earth.

5. What term describes a series of muscle contractions that transports food down the digestive tract in a wave-like fashion?

• A. digestion
• B. deglutition
• C. defecation
• D. peristalsis

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Peristalsis is the correct term for the series of muscle contractions that move food down the digestive tract in a wave-like manner. This process helps propel food through the esophagus, stomach, and intestines, facilitating digestion and nutrient absorption. Digestion (Choice A) refers to the breakdown of food into smaller components, deglutition (Choice B) is the act of swallowing, and defecation (Choice C) is the elimination of waste from the body. Therefore, peristalsis is the most appropriate term to describe the described muscle contractions in the digestive system.

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