HESI LPN
Community Health HESI Practice Exam
1. The nurse is planning care for a client with increased intracranial pressure. The best position for this client is
- A. Trendelenburg
- B. Prone
- C. Semi-Fowler's
- D. Side-lying with head flat
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, Semi-Fowler's. This position helps to reduce intracranial pressure by promoting venous drainage from the head while maintaining adequate oxygenation. Option A, Trendelenburg position, is incorrect as it involves placing the patient with the head lower than the body, which can increase intracranial pressure. Option B, Prone position, is also incorrect as it involves lying on the stomach, which can further elevate intracranial pressure. Option D, Side-lying with head flat, does not provide the same benefits as the Semi-Fowler's position in terms of promoting venous drainage and maintaining oxygenation in a client with increased intracranial pressure.
2. What are the sources of information about the family?
- A. Interview results with members of the family
- B. Family folder
- C. Actual observation of the family situation
- D. All these sources of information
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because all the listed sources - interview results with family members, family folder, and actual observation of the family situation - provide comprehensive information about the family. Choice A alone (interview results) might not capture the complete picture of the family, as it may be biased or limited. Choice B (family folder) could contain valuable information but might not be up to date or comprehensive. Choice C (actual observation) is essential to understand the family dynamics, but it alone may not provide all the necessary information. Therefore, the combination of all these sources (D) is needed for a thorough understanding of the family.
3. The major target of the Philippine Family Program are women belonging to the high-risk group which includes:
- A. Women under 20 or over 35 years old
- B. Women suffering from certain medical conditions that contradict pregnancy
- C. All these groups
- D. Women who have had at least 4 deliveries
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, 'All these groups.' The Philippine Family Program targets women under 20 years old, over 35 years old, those with certain medical conditions that contradict pregnancy, and women who have had at least 4 deliveries. Therefore, choice C is the correct answer because it encompasses all the high-risk groups identified by the program. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not cover all the specified high-risk groups targeted by the program.
4. As a client who is terminally ill has been receiving high doses of an opioid analgesic for the past month and becomes unresponsive to verbal stimuli as death approaches, what orders would the nurse expect from the healthcare provider?
- A. Decrease the analgesic dosage by half
- B. Discontinue the analgesic
- C. Continue the same analgesic dosage
- D. Prescribe a less potent drug
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Continuing the same dosage of analgesic is appropriate to manage pain effectively as death nears and the client becomes unresponsive. The primary goal of palliative care in end-of-life situations is to ensure comfort, regardless of the client's level of consciousness. Decreasing the analgesic dosage or discontinuing it could lead to inadequate pain relief, which goes against the principles of palliative care. Prescribing a less potent drug may also compromise pain management in this critical stage. Therefore, maintaining the same analgesic dosage is the most appropriate action to provide comfort and alleviate suffering.
5. As a community Health Nurse, you are a change agent. Which of the following roles must you play to succeed as a change agent?
- A. information provider
- B. information seeker
- C. motivator
- D. leader
Correct answer: B
Rationale: To succeed as a change agent, being an information seeker is crucial. While being an information provider, motivator, and leader are important roles, actively seeking information is fundamental to understanding the community's needs, concerns, and challenges before implementing effective changes. This active information seeking helps in making informed decisions and developing strategies that address the specific issues faced by the community. Therefore, the correct choice is B. Choices A, C, and D are also important roles but may not be as fundamental as actively seeking information.
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