Nursing Elites

1. The increasing number of people who must learn to live with chronic illness in the community implies the need for the PHN to plan and implement a program on:

• A. communicable disease control
• B. health education
• C. child survival
• D. environmental education

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: health education. Health education is crucial for individuals dealing with chronic illnesses as it helps them learn how to manage their conditions effectively. Communicable disease control (choice A) focuses on preventing the spread of infectious diseases, which is not directly related to managing chronic conditions. Child survival (choice C) pertains to initiatives aimed at reducing child mortality rates, which is not directly related to addressing chronic illnesses. Environmental education (choice D) involves raising awareness about environmental issues, which is also not directly related to helping individuals live with chronic illnesses.

2. When assessing a child with acute respiratory infection, what nursing intervention(s) would be appropriate?

• A. Provide safe remedies to relieve the child's sore throat and cough
• B. All of these interventions
• C. Advise the mother to monitor for signs of pneumonia
• D. Ensure proper nutrition to prevent weight loss

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In the management of acute respiratory infection in a child, it is essential to address various aspects of care. Providing safe remedies to relieve symptoms like sore throat and cough (Choice A) helps in managing discomfort. Advising the mother to monitor for signs of pneumonia (Choice C) is crucial for early detection and intervention if complications arise. Ensuring proper nutrition (Choice D) is important for the child's overall health and immune function during illness. Therefore, all the listed interventions are appropriate in managing acute respiratory infection, making Choice B the correct answer. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect on their own as they address only specific aspects of care and not the comprehensive management of acute respiratory infection.

3. The nurse is assigned to a newly delivered woman with HIV/AIDS. The student asks the nurse about how it is determined that a person has AIDS other than a positive HIV test. The nurse responds:

• A. The complaints of at least 3 common findings.
• B. The absence of any opportunistic infection.
• C. CD4 lymphocyte count is less than 200.
• D. Developmental delays in children.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. A CD4 count less than 200 cells/mm³ is a diagnostic criterion for AIDS. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Choice A is vague and does not reflect the diagnostic criteria for AIDS. Choice B is not accurate, as the presence of opportunistic infections, not their absence, is indicative of AIDS. Choice D is unrelated to the diagnosis of AIDS in adults.

4. When a nurse from the surgical department is reassigned to the pediatric unit, the charge nurse should recognize that the child at highest risk for cardiac arrest and is the least likely to be assigned to this nurse is which child?

• A. Congenital cardiac defects
• B. An acute febrile illness
• C. Prolonged hypoxemia
• D. Severe multiple trauma

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, 'Prolonged hypoxemia.' Prolonged hypoxemia is a critical condition that requires specialized pediatric care due to the high risk of cardiac arrest. The other choices, such as congenital cardiac defects, acute febrile illness, and severe multiple trauma, may also require attention, but prolonged hypoxemia poses the highest risk for cardiac arrest and demands specialized expertise in managing pediatric patients with this condition.

5. The social ecological model considers the complex interplay between which levels of influence?

• A. Individual, interpersonal, organizational, community, and policy
• B. Genetic, biological, environmental, social, and economic
• C. Personal, family, community, national, and global
• D. Health, wealth, education, environment, and politics

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Individual, interpersonal, organizational, community, and policy. The social ecological model examines how individual, interpersonal, organizational, community, and policy factors interact to influence health and well-being. Choice B is incorrect because it includes genetic and biological factors that are not part of the social ecological model. Choice C is incorrect as it does not include organizational and policy levels of influence. Choice D is incorrect as it includes wealth and politics, which are not typically considered in the social ecological model.

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