HESI LPN
HESI PN Nutrition Practice Exam
1. In the scientific method, a tentative solution to a problem is called a what?
- A. theory
- B. prediction
- C. hypothesis
- D. correlation
Correct answer: C
Rationale: In the scientific method, a hypothesis is a tentative solution or educated guess that is tested through research. A theory (choice A) is a well-substantiated explanation based on evidence and extensive testing. A prediction (choice B) is a statement about what will happen in the future based on existing knowledge. Correlation (choice D) refers to a mutual relationship between two or more things, indicating how they may change together but not providing a solution to a problem.
2. Which of the following is a function of carbohydrates in the body?
- A. They provide insulation and support for organs.
- B. They help regulate body temperature.
- C. They serve as the body's main structural components.
- D. They are the body's primary source of energy.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Carbohydrates are the body's primary source of energy, fueling daily activities and bodily functions. Choice A is incorrect because insulation and organ support are primarily provided by adipose tissue and structural proteins, not carbohydrates. Choice B is incorrect because the regulation of body temperature is mainly controlled by processes like sweating and shivering, not carbohydrates. Choice C is incorrect because structural components like proteins are responsible for building tissues and organs, not carbohydrates.
3. How should a healthcare provider approach the care of a child with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)?
- A. Promote weight maintenance
- B. Encourage joint mobility exercises
- C. Avoid physical inactivity
- D. Ensure a balanced diet
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Encouraging joint mobility exercises is the appropriate approach to caring for a child with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). These exercises help maintain joint function and reduce stiffness, which are crucial in managing the condition. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Promoting weight maintenance is more relevant than weight gain as maintaining a healthy weight is important in managing JIA. Avoiding physical inactivity is not recommended as controlled and appropriate physical activities can help improve joint flexibility and overall health. Ensuring a balanced diet, which includes adequate protein, is important for overall nutrition but is not a specific intervention for managing JIA.
4. What is a primary goal of managing diabetes mellitus in children?
- A. Promote weight maintenance
- B. Prevent episodes of hypoglycemia
- C. Ensure normal growth and development
- D. Optimize blood sugar control
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The primary goal of managing diabetes mellitus in children is to ensure normal growth and development. This involves maintaining stable blood glucose levels to prevent complications. Option A is incorrect because promoting weight gain is not a primary goal in managing diabetes; rather, the aim is to maintain a healthy weight. Option B is not the primary goal; although it is important to prevent episodes of hypoglycemia, the main focus is on overall management. Option D is incorrect as optimizing blood sugar control is a means to achieve the primary goal, which is ensuring normal growth and development.
5. What is an important dietary consideration for a child with renal failure?
- A. Low-protein, low-sodium diet
- B. High-protein, high-sodium diet
- C. Increased calcium intake
- D. High-fiber diet
Correct answer: A
Rationale: A low-protein, low-sodium diet is crucial for a child with renal failure because it helps reduce the workload on the kidneys and minimize complications. High-protein and high-sodium diets can place excessive strain on the kidneys and worsen the condition. Increased calcium intake is not typically a primary consideration for renal failure in children. While a high-fiber diet can be beneficial for overall health, it is not a specific priority for managing renal failure in children.
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