Nursing Elites

1. In the scientific method, a tentative solution to a problem is called a what?

• A. theory
• B. prediction
• C. hypothesis
• D. correlation

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In the scientific method, a hypothesis is a tentative solution or educated guess that is tested through research. A theory (choice A) is a well-substantiated explanation based on evidence and extensive testing. A prediction (choice B) is a statement about what will happen in the future based on existing knowledge. Correlation (choice D) refers to a mutual relationship between two or more things, indicating how they may change together but not providing a solution to a problem.

2. What is a key intervention for a child with a new diagnosis of asthma?

• A. Provide a peak flow meter
• B. Limit all physical activity
• C. Increase dairy consumption
• D. Recommend frequent use of nasal decongestants

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Provide a peak flow meter. Providing a peak flow meter is crucial for a child with a new diagnosis of asthma as it helps monitor asthma control and manage symptoms by tracking changes in airflow. This device assists in assessing how well the lungs are functioning and guides treatment decisions. Limiting all physical activity (choice B) is not recommended as regular exercise can actually help improve lung function in asthmatic children. Increasing dairy consumption (choice C) is not a key intervention for asthma, and recommending frequent use of nasal decongestants (choice D) is not suitable for asthma management in children.

3. Which of the following is a common complication of an untreated inguinal hernia in children?

• A. Gastroenteritis
• B. Strangulation of the hernia
• C. Chronic cough
• D. Epistaxis

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Strangulation of the hernia. Untreated inguinal hernias in children can lead to strangulation, which can result in bowel obstruction and ischemia. This is a serious complication that requires prompt medical attention. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Gastroenteritis is a gastrointestinal infection that is not directly related to untreated inguinal hernias. Chronic cough is not typically associated with this condition. Epistaxis refers to nosebleeds, which are not a common complication of untreated inguinal hernias in children.

4. What type of nutrient is needed by the body and must be supplied by foods?

• A. nutraceutical
• B. metabolic nutrient
• C. organic nutrient
• D. essential nutrient

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, essential nutrient. Essential nutrients are substances that the body needs for normal functioning but cannot produce in sufficient amounts, so they must be obtained through the diet. Nutraceuticals (choice A) are products derived from food sources that are purported to provide extra health benefits beyond basic nutrition. Metabolic nutrients (choice B) and organic nutrients (choice C) are not standard terms used to describe nutrients needed by the body. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect.

5. What is a common sign of an allergic reaction in children?

• A. Persistent cough
• B. Skin rash or hives
• C. Increased appetite
• D. Low-grade fever

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Skin rash or hives are common signs of an allergic reaction in children, often following exposure to allergens. While a persistent cough can occur in some cases, it is not typically a primary sign of an allergic reaction. Increased appetite is unrelated to allergic reactions. A low-grade fever is not a common sign of an allergic reaction but can be present in other conditions like infections.

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