differentiate between gene therapy and genetic engineering in the context of human intervention

ATI TEAS 7

TEAS 7 science quizlet

1. Differentiate between gene therapy and genetic engineering in the context of human intervention.

A. Gene therapy aims to modify existing genes within body cells, while genetic engineering manipulates genes in embryos to be passed on to offspring.
B. Gene therapy focuses on treating genetic diseases, while genetic engineering enhances desirable traits or eliminates undesirable ones.
C. Both involve directly altering the DNA sequence, but gene therapy targets somatic cells and genetic engineering modifies germline cells.
D. There is no fundamental difference; both terms are synonymous.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A) Incorrect. Gene therapy does aim to modify existing genes within body cells, but genetic engineering does not necessarily manipulate genes in embryos to be passed on to offspring. Genetic engineering can involve modifying genes in any type of cell, not just embryos. B) Correct. Gene therapy is a medical intervention that aims to treat genetic diseases by correcting or replacing faulty genes within an individual's body cells. On the other hand, genetic engineering involves modifying genes to enhance specific traits or eliminate undesirable ones, often in the context of agriculture or biotechnology. C) Incorrect. While both gene therapy and genetic engineering involve altering DNA sequences, the distinction lies in the target cells. Gene therapy targets somatic cells (non-reproductive cells), while genetic engineering typically involves modifying germline cells (reproductive cells that can pass on genetic changes to offspring). D) Incorrect. There is

2. How is homeostasis defined?

A. The ability of human beings to keep body weight within normal limits.
B. The maintenance of a constant external temperature inside a room.
C. The ingestion of enough food to prevent hunger pains.
D. The tendency of the body to maintain a stable internal environment.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Homeostasis is defined as the tendency of the body to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes. This process involves regulating various physiological parameters such as body temperature, blood pressure, and glucose levels to ensure optimal functioning and health. Option A is incorrect as it specifically refers to body weight regulation, which is not the sole focus of homeostasis. Option B is incorrect as it describes maintaining a constant temperature in a room, rather than the internal environment of the body. Option C is incorrect as it only addresses the prevention of hunger pains through food ingestion, which is not the overarching concept of homeostasis.

3. What is the process by which genetic information is used to produce proteins?

A. Replication
B. Transcription
C. Translation
D. Mutation

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A) Replication is the process by which DNA is copied to produce an identical strand of DNA. This process occurs during cell division to ensure that each daughter cell receives a complete set of genetic information. B) Transcription is the process by which genetic information from DNA is copied into a complementary RNA molecule. This RNA molecule, known as messenger RNA (mRNA), serves as a template for protein synthesis during translation. C) Translation is the process by which the genetic information carried by mRNA is decoded to produce a specific sequence of amino acids, which are then assembled into a protein. This process occurs at the ribosomes in the cytoplasm of the cell. D) Mutation refers to a change in the DNA sequence that can result in alterations to the genetic information. Mutations can occur spontaneously or be induced by external factors such as radiation or chemicals. While mutations can impact protein synthesis, they are not the process by which genetic inf

4. What are groups of cells that perform the same function called?

A. tissues
B. plastids
C. organs
D. molecules

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Groups of cells that perform the same function are called tissues. Tissues are composed of a group of similar cells working together to carry out specific functions within an organism. Each type of tissue has a specialized structure that enables it to perform its specific role effectively. Plastids are cell organelles found in plants responsible for functions like photosynthesis and storage, not groups of cells. Organs are composed of different types of tissues working together. Molecules are made up of atoms and are not groups of cells.

5. What is the role of the pancreas in the digestive system?

A. To store bile
B. To secrete digestive enzymes
C. To digest proteins
D. To absorb nutrients

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'To secrete digestive enzymes.' The pancreas plays a crucial role in the digestive system by secreting digestive enzymes that aid in breaking down food in the small intestine. These enzymes help in the digestion of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, facilitating the absorption of nutrients from the digested food. Choice A is incorrect because the pancreas is not responsible for storing bile; the gallbladder stores bile. Choice C is incorrect because the pancreas secretes enzymes for protein digestion but does not digest proteins itself. Choice D is incorrect as the absorption of nutrients primarily occurs in the small intestine, not in the pancreas.