Nursing Elites

1. What is the definition of 'acceleration' in terms of motion?

• A. Change in velocity over time
• B. Speed in a straight line
• C. Distance covered in a given time
• D. Force applied to an object

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Acceleration is defined as the rate of change of velocity of an object over time. It represents how an object's velocity is changing, either by speeding up, slowing down, or changing direction. Option B, 'Speed in a straight line,' actually refers to velocity, not acceleration. Option C, 'Distance covered in a given time,' is more related to speed, as it measures how much ground is covered in a specific time period. Option D, 'Force applied to an object,' is not the definition of acceleration; it is a force exerted on an object that can cause acceleration.

2. How does the body maintain a relatively constant blood pH level, even with changes in blood carbon dioxide concentration?

• A. Cellular respiration
• B. Gas exchange
• C. Buffering system
• D. Deoxygenation

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Buffering system. The buffering system is responsible for maintaining a relatively constant blood pH level by minimizing changes in pH when acids or bases are added to the blood. This system consists of chemical compounds that can donate or accept protons to help stabilize the pH. Choice A, Cellular respiration, and Choice B, Gas exchange, are processes involved in gas exchange within the body, not specifically related to maintaining blood pH. Choice D, Deoxygenation, refers to the removal of oxygen from a substance and is not directly related to the regulation of blood pH.

3. Which of the following is the MOST common symptom of angina pectoris, a condition related to insufficient blood flow to the heart?

• A. Fever and chills.
• B. Chest pain or discomfort.
• C. Sudden onset of severe shortness of breath.
• D. Numbness or tingling in the extremities.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Chest pain or discomfort is the most common symptom of angina pectoris. This pain is often described as squeezing, pressure, heaviness, tightness, or pain in the chest. Fever and chills, sudden onset of severe shortness of breath, and numbness or tingling in the extremities are not typical symptoms of angina pectoris. The pain associated with angina is usually triggered by physical or emotional stress and typically subsides with rest or medication, distinguishing it from other conditions.

4. A ball is rolling across the floor and comes to a stop on its own. What force caused the ball to stop?

• A. Gravitational force
• B. Normal force from the floor
• C. Air resistance
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The force that caused the ball to stop rolling across the floor is air resistance. As the ball moves through the air, air resistance acts in the opposite direction of its motion, gradually slowing it down until it comes to a stop. In this scenario, the ball is not in contact with the floor, so the normal force from the floor does not play a role in stopping the ball. Gravitational force acts to pull objects towards the center of the Earth and would not directly stop the ball in this situation. Therefore, air resistance is the force that opposes the motion of the rolling ball and causes it to come to a stop.

5. Blood is carried away from the heart in large vessels known as which of the following?

• A. Arteries
• B. Arterioles
• C. Veins
• D. Venules

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Arteries. Arteries are the large blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart to various parts of the body. They have thick, muscular walls to withstand the high pressure generated by the heart's pumping action. Choice B, Arterioles, are smaller branches of arteries that further divide into capillaries. Choice C, Veins, carry blood back to the heart and have thinner walls compared to arteries. Choice D, Venules, are smaller veins that collect blood from capillaries and merge into larger veins.

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