an 89 year old male client complains to the nurse that people are whispering behind his back and mumbling when they talk to him what age related condi
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1. An 89-year-old male client complains to the nurse that people are whispering behind his back and mumbling when they talk to him. What age-related condition is likely to be occurring with this client?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, Presbycusis. Presbycusis is age-related hearing loss that often affects the ability to hear high-pitched sounds, making speech appear mumbled. This condition is common in older adults and can lead to difficulties in understanding conversations, as in the case of the client complaining about people whispering and mumbling.

2. A 45-year-old woman presents with fatigue, weight gain, and constipation. Laboratory tests reveal low TSH and high free T4 levels. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The presentation of low TSH and high free T4 levels is characteristic of hyperthyroidism, which is consistent with the symptoms of fatigue, weight gain, and constipation described in the case. In hyperthyroidism, the thyroid gland produces an excess of thyroid hormone leading to a hypermetabolic state, which can manifest with these symptoms.

3. Which signs or symptoms are characteristic of an adult client diagnosed with Cushing's syndrome?

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Cushing's syndrome is characterized by central-type obesity with thin extremities, often referred to as 'truncal obesity.' This pattern of weight distribution is a key feature of Cushing's syndrome due to excessive cortisol levels, leading to fat accumulation in the face, neck, and abdomen, while the extremities remain relatively thin. The other options listed, such as husky voice, hoarseness, warm, soft, moist, salmon-colored skin, and visible swelling of the neck, are not typical findings associated with Cushing's syndrome.

4. What skin care instructions should the nurse give to a patient receiving external beam radiation therapy for cancer treatment?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Patients undergoing external beam radiation therapy should be advised to avoid exposing the treated area to sunlight to prevent further skin damage. Heat sources like heating pads should be avoided to prevent burns and irritation to the skin. Alcohol-based lotions can be irritating to the skin and are not recommended. Washing the treated area with lukewarm water and mild soap is preferable to maintain skin integrity and prevent irritation. Therefore, the correct instruction for the patient is to avoid exposing the treated area to sunlight.

5. A client with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes is preparing for discharge. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further teaching?

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In type 2 diabetes, insulin therapy is typically not the first-line treatment. Patients should follow their prescribed treatment plan, which may or may not include insulin. Taking insulin shots only when blood sugar is high can lead to uncontrolled glucose levels and complications. It is important to adhere to the prescribed medication regimen to manage diabetes effectively.

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