Nursing Elites

1. A substance is only considered acidic if it has a pH less than what?

• A. 12
• B. 9
• C. 7
• D. 4

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A substance is considered acidic if its pH is less than 7. pH values below 7 indicate acidity, while pH values above 7 indicate alkalinity or basicity. Substances with a pH less than 7 are categorized as acidic, not above it. Therefore, a substance is classified as acidic if its pH is less than 7, making choice C the correct answer. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because a pH of 12, 9, and 4, respectively, are all above 7, and therefore not indicative of acidity.

2. What is the cellular function of cilia and flagella?

• A. Cilia and flagella are responsible for cell movement.
• B. Cilia and flagella synthesize proteins.
• C. Cilia and flagella help protect the cell from its environment.
• D. Cilia and flagella have enzymes that help with digestion.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cilia and flagella are responsible for cell movement. Cilia and flagella are specialized structures found on the surface of many types of cells. They are involved in the movement of the cell itself or in moving substances around the cell. This movement helps in various functions such as propulsion, moving fluids, and sensing the environment. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Cilia and flagella are not involved in synthesizing proteins, protecting the cell from its environment, or aiding in digestion. Their primary function is related to cell movement and cellular transport.

3. Adipose tissue, also known as fat, serves multiple functions. Which of these is NOT a function of adipose tissue?

• A. Insulation
• B. Energy storage
• C. Hormone production
• D. Muscle movement

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Adipose tissue serves multiple functions in the body, including insulation to regulate body temperature, energy storage in the form of triglycerides, and hormone production such as leptin and adiponectin. Adipose tissue does not directly participate in muscle movement. Muscle movement is primarily carried out by skeletal muscle tissue, which is responsible for voluntary movements and locomotion. Therefore, the correct answer is D, as adipose tissue is not involved in muscle movement.

4. During which developmental process does the first trimester of gestation roughly correspond?

• A. Embryogenesis
• B. Fertilization
• C. Meiosis
• D. Menstruation

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Embryogenesis. The first trimester of gestation involves the process of embryogenesis, where the basic structures of the embryo are formed. This period is critical for the development of major organ systems and the establishment of the embryo's overall body plan. Fertilization occurs at the beginning of pregnancy when the sperm fertilizes the egg, marking the start of embryonic development. Meiosis is a cell division process that produces gametes (sperm and egg cells) with half the number of chromosomes. Menstruation is the shedding of the uterine lining when pregnancy does not occur.

5. Which of the following structures connects muscle to bone?

• A. Ligaments
• B. Tendons
• C. Muscles
• D. Bones

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Tendons are the correct answer as they are fibrous structures that connect muscle to bone, enabling the transmission of force during movement. Ligaments, on the contrary, connect bone to bone, aiding in joint stability. Muscles contract to generate force and facilitate movement, while bones provide structural support and protect internal organs.

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