Nursing Elites

1. The van't Hoff factor (i) accounts for the number of particles a solute dissociates into in solution. For a compound that dissociates completely in water, i would be...

• A. 0
• B. Less than 1
• C. 1
• D. More than 1

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The van't Hoff factor (i) represents the number of particles a solute dissociates into in solution. For a compound that dissociates completely in water, i would be more than 1 because it breaks apart into more particles than the original compound. This is due to complete dissociation leading to an increase in the number of particles in solution, resulting in i being greater than 1. Choice A is incorrect as a compound that dissociates completely will not have an i value of 0. Choice B is incorrect because when a compound dissociates completely, the van't Hoff factor is not less than 1. Choice C is incorrect as a compound that dissociates completely will not have an i value of 1, but rather more than 1 due to the increased number of particles in solution.

2. Which of the following is not a component of blood?

• A. Red blood cells
• B. White blood cells
• C. Platelets
• D. Cartilage

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Cartilage. Cartilage is not a component of blood. Blood primarily consists of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Red blood cells are responsible for carrying oxygen, white blood cells are part of the immune system, and platelets are essential for blood clotting. Cartilage, on the other hand, is a type of connective tissue found in various parts of the body, such as the joints and nose, but it is not present in the blood. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they are components of blood, while choice D, Cartilage, is the correct answer as it is not a component of blood.

3. What is the action of the triceps reflex?

• A. Forces contraction of the triceps and extension of the arm.
• B. Forces contraction of the biceps, relaxation of the biceps, and arm extension.
• C. Causes the triceps to contract, causing the forearm to supinate and flex.
• D. Causes the triceps to relax and the upper arm to pronate and extend.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The triceps reflex causes the triceps muscle to contract, leading to the extension of the arm. This reflex is a protective response to sudden stretching of the triceps muscle, as seen when a physician taps the triceps tendon during a physical examination. Choice A is the correct answer as it accurately reflects the action of the triceps reflex. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they describe actions that are not associated with the triceps reflex. Biceps contraction, forearm supination, flexion, triceps relaxation, and pronation are not part of the triceps reflex arc.

4. A rocket engine expels hot gases backwards. What principle explains the rocket's forward motion?

• A. Newton's first law of motion
• B. Newton's second law of motion
• C. Newton's third law of motion
• D. Law of conservation of energy

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Newton's third law of motion states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. In the case of a rocket engine expelling hot gases backwards, the action is the expulsion of gases, and the reaction is the forward motion of the rocket. The hot gases being expelled act as the action force, propelling the rocket in the opposite direction as the reaction force, resulting in the rocket's forward motion. Newton's first law of motion (Choice A) pertains to inertia, stating that an object in motion will stay in motion unless acted upon by an external force. Newton's second law of motion (Choice B) relates force, mass, and acceleration, which is not directly applicable to the scenario of a rocket engine propulsion. The law of conservation of energy (Choice D) is a fundamental principle stating that energy cannot be created or destroyed but can only be transformed, which does not directly explain the forward motion of the rocket in this context.

5. What is a monohybrid cross, and what is the ratio of dominant to recessive gene manifestation?

• A. A cross involving two traits, 9:3:3:1
• B. A cross involving one trait, 3:1
• C. A cross involving two traits, 1:2:1
• D. A cross involving one trait, 1:1

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A monohybrid cross is a genetic cross involving one trait. The ratio of dominant to recessive gene manifestation in the offspring is typically 3:1 when both parents are heterozygous. This ratio is the genotypic ratio, not just the phenotype ratio, where the dominant allele is present in 3 out of 4 offspring, and the recessive allele is present in 1 out of 4 offspring. Choice A is incorrect because it describes a dihybrid cross ratio. Choice C is incorrect as it represents the genotypic ratio for a monohybrid cross involving incomplete dominance. Choice D is incorrect as it does not reflect the typical ratio for a monohybrid cross.

Similar Questions