Nursing Elites

1. A person with lactose intolerance should be most careful to limit their intake of:

• A. milk
• B. yogurt
• C. cheese
• D. corn syrup

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Individuals with lactose intolerance lack the enzyme lactase needed to break down lactose, the sugar in dairy products. Milk contains a high amount of lactose, making it crucial for those with lactose intolerance to limit their intake. Yogurt and cheese, on the other hand, have lower lactose content due to the fermentation process which reduces lactose levels, making them better tolerated by many with lactose intolerance. Corn syrup, although high in sugar, does not contain lactose and is unrelated to lactose intolerance. Therefore, the correct answer is 'milk' as it is a significant source of lactose, which can trigger symptoms in individuals with lactose intolerance.

2. Which of the following monosaccharides is considered one of the most important in human nutrition along with glucose and fructose?

• A. Lactose.
• B. Galactose.
• C. Maltose.
• D. Sucrose.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The most important monosaccharides in human nutrition are glucose, fructose, and galactose. Galactose is crucial as it is one of the main components of lactose, a disaccharide sugar found in milk. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect as lactose, maltose, and sucrose are disaccharides composed of two monosaccharide units.

3. Feces are composed mainly of bacteria, mucosal cells, mucus, and what else?

• A. bile
• B. enzymes
• C. fiber
• D. chyme

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is 'C: fiber.' Feces are primarily made up of indigestible material, such as fiber. Bile (choice A) is produced by the liver to aid in digestion but is not a major component of feces. Enzymes (choice B) are involved in digestion but are not a significant component of feces. Chyme (choice D) is the semi-fluid mass of partially digested food that moves from the stomach to the small intestine and is not a major component of feces.

4. An example of government nutrition policy is:

• A. MyPlate Food Guidance System.
• B. Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2010.
• C. Healthy People 2020.
• D. Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs).

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Healthy People 2020. Healthy People 2020 is a government initiative that sets goals for improving the health of Americans, including specific nutritional objectives. Choices A, B, and D are not examples of government nutrition policies. MyPlate Food Guidance System is a visual tool to help individuals make healthy food choices, Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2010 provide evidence-based advice for Americans two years and older, and Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are a set of nutrient reference values.

5. A characteristic of saturated fats is that they are:

• A. mostly found in animal products.
• B. solid at room temperature.
• C. composed of many double bonds.
• D. found primarily in vegetable products.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'mostly found in animal products.' Saturated fats are primarily found in animal products such as meat, dairy, and eggs. They are typically solid at room temperature. Choice B is incorrect because saturated fats are solid at room temperature, not liquid. Choice C is incorrect because saturated fats do not have double bonds; they have single bonds between carbon atoms. Choice D is incorrect because saturated fats are mainly found in animal products, not vegetable products.

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