Nursing Elites

1. A client has a new diagnosis of hyperlipidemia and is receiving teaching from a nurse about dietary management. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?

• A. You should increase your intake of trans fats.
• B. You should decrease your intake of fiber-rich foods.
• C. You should avoid foods that are high in cholesterol.
• D. You should increase your intake of high-fat foods.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct statement the nurse should include in teaching the client with hyperlipidemia is to avoid foods that are high in cholesterol. Foods high in cholesterol, like those high in saturated and trans fats, can contribute to elevated lipid levels and increase cardiovascular risk. Decreasing intake of these foods can help improve lipid profiles and reduce the risk of complications. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because increasing intake of trans fats, decreasing fiber-rich foods, and increasing intake of high-fat foods can exacerbate hyperlipidemia and worsen the lipid profile.

2. What is the primary purpose of therapeutic communication in healthcare?

• A. To gather client information.
• B. To provide client education.
• C. To establish a therapeutic relationship.
• D. To document client care.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The primary purpose of therapeutic communication in healthcare is to establish a therapeutic relationship between the healthcare provider and the client. Through effective communication, trust, empathy, and understanding can be fostered, which are essential for providing quality care and promoting positive health outcomes. Building a therapeutic relationship enhances patient satisfaction, improves adherence to treatment plans, and increases the likelihood of successful health outcomes.

3. A client with a new diagnosis of COPD is being taught about dietary management. Which of the following statements should be included in the teaching?

• A. You should increase your intake of high-calorie foods.
• B. You should decrease your intake of high-protein foods.
• C. You should avoid foods that contain lactose.
• D. You should increase your intake of high-fiber foods.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct statement to include in the teaching for a client with a new diagnosis of COPD is that they should increase their intake of high-calorie foods. This is important to help maintain energy levels and manage weight. COPD can lead to increased energy expenditure due to the increased work of breathing, making it crucial to consume adequate calories for energy. High-calorie foods can help prevent weight loss and support overall nutritional status in COPD patients. Choice B is incorrect because high-protein foods are important for maintaining muscle mass in COPD patients. Choice C is incorrect as there is no need to avoid foods that contain lactose unless the client is lactose intolerant. Choice D is incorrect as increasing high-fiber foods may exacerbate symptoms like bloating and gas in COPD patients.

4. Which of the following dietary modifications should be recommended to a client with hypertension?

• A. Increase sodium intake.
• B. Reduce potassium intake.
• C. Increase fiber intake.
• D. Reduce calcium intake.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Increasing fiber intake is a beneficial dietary modification for clients with hypertension. Fiber helps in reducing blood pressure and improving cardiovascular health by promoting better digestion and regulating cholesterol levels. Therefore, advising a client with hypertension to increase fiber intake can be beneficial for their overall health. In contrast, increasing sodium intake can lead to higher blood pressure, reducing potassium intake is not recommended as potassium helps in regulating blood pressure, and reducing calcium intake is not typically necessary for hypertension management.

5. While assessing a client with fluid volume deficit, which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

• A. Bradycardia
• B. Increased skin turgor
• C. Dry mucous membranes
• D. Hypertension

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Dry mucous membranes are a classic clinical manifestation of fluid volume deficit. Dehydration leads to reduced fluid intake or excessive fluid loss, resulting in decreased moisture in the mucous membranes. Bradycardia, increased skin turgor, and hypertension are not typically associated with fluid volume deficit. Bradycardia is more commonly seen in conditions like hypothyroidism or increased intracranial pressure. Increased skin turgor is a sign of dehydration, not deficit. Hypertension is not a typical finding in fluid volume deficit.

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