Nursing Elites

1. A client has a new diagnosis of hyperlipidemia and is receiving teaching from a nurse about dietary management. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?

• A. You should increase your intake of trans fats.
• B. You should decrease your intake of fiber-rich foods.
• C. You should avoid foods that are high in cholesterol.
• D. You should increase your intake of high-fat foods.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct statement the nurse should include in teaching the client with hyperlipidemia is to avoid foods that are high in cholesterol. Foods high in cholesterol, like those high in saturated and trans fats, can contribute to elevated lipid levels and increase cardiovascular risk. Decreasing intake of these foods can help improve lipid profiles and reduce the risk of complications. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because increasing intake of trans fats, decreasing fiber-rich foods, and increasing intake of high-fat foods can exacerbate hyperlipidemia and worsen the lipid profile.

2. A client with ulcerative colitis is receiving dietary management education from a healthcare provider. Which statement by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

• A. I should increase my intake of dairy products.
• B. I should decrease my intake of dairy products.
• C. I should increase my intake of high-fiber foods.
• D. I should decrease my intake of high-fat foods.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because reducing dairy product intake can help manage symptoms of ulcerative colitis. Dairy products can exacerbate symptoms in some individuals due to their lactose content and may need to be limited or avoided based on individual tolerance levels. Choice A is incorrect because increasing dairy products can worsen symptoms for some ulcerative colitis patients. Choice C is incorrect as while high-fiber foods are generally beneficial, they may exacerbate symptoms during a flare-up. Choice D is also incorrect as while reducing high-fat foods can be beneficial, dairy products are a more specific concern for ulcerative colitis.

3. When educating a client on the proper use of a metered-dose inhaler (MDI), which of the following instructions should be included?

• A. Shake the inhaler before use.
• B. Inhale quickly and deeply.
• C. Use the inhaler as needed.
• D. Do not use a spacer with the inhaler.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Shaking the inhaler before use is crucial to ensure proper mixing of the medication. This action helps distribute the medication evenly, allowing for consistent dosing with each use. It is a vital step in using a metered-dose inhaler correctly to optimize its effectiveness in managing respiratory conditions.

4. A healthcare provider is preparing to administer an intramuscular injection to an adult client. Which of the following injection sites should the healthcare provider select?

• A. Deltoid muscle
• B. Dorsogluteal muscle
• C. Vastus lateralis muscle
• D. Rectus femoris muscle

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The deltoid muscle is a common site for intramuscular injections in adults due to its accessibility and muscle mass. It is located in the upper arm and provides a sufficient area for injection. The deltoid muscle is preferred for administering vaccines and other medications that require IM administration. Choice B, the dorsogluteal muscle, is not recommended for intramuscular injections due to the proximity of major nerves and blood vessels in that area, which can lead to nerve damage or injury. Choice C, the vastus lateralis muscle, is more commonly used for infants and young children, while choice D, the rectus femoris muscle, is not typically used for intramuscular injections in adults.

5. During an abdominal assessment, what is the correct sequence of steps for a healthcare provider to follow?

• A. Inspection, percussion, palpation, auscultation
• B. Percussion, auscultation, inspection, palpation
• C. Auscultation, palpation, inspection, percussion
• D. Inspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation

Correct answer: D

Rationale: During an abdominal assessment, the correct sequence of steps is inspection, auscultation, percussion, and palpation. This sequence is followed to prevent altering bowel sounds. Inspection allows for visual observation, followed by auscultation to listen for bowel sounds without causing disturbance, percussion to assess for tympany or dullness, and finally palpation to feel for any abnormalities or tenderness. Choice A is incorrect because palpation should come after percussion. Choice B is incorrect as auscultation should be performed after inspection. Choice C is incorrect because palpation should be the final step after percussion.

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