Nursing Elites

1. Prior to administering a blood transfusion, what should the healthcare professional do first?

• A. Prime the IV tubing with normal saline.
• B. Verify the client's identity.
• C. Obtain the blood product from the blood bank.
• D. Check the client's vital signs.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Verifying the client's identity is the essential initial step before administering a blood transfusion. This action is crucial to confirm that the correct blood product is being administered to the right client, thereby preventing any potential errors or adverse reactions. Ensuring patient safety is paramount in healthcare, and verifying the client's identity is a fundamental safety measure that should always be prioritized.

2. A healthcare professional is educating a client with osteoporosis about dietary management. Which of the following foods should the professional recommend?

• A. Green beans
• B. Fortified cereal
• C. Red meat
• D. White bread

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Fortified cereal is the correct answer as it is an excellent choice for individuals with osteoporosis due to its high calcium and vitamin D content, both essential nutrients for bone health. These nutrients help in maintaining bone density and strength, which is crucial for individuals with osteoporosis. Green beans (choice A) do not provide as much calcium and vitamin D as fortified cereal. Red meat (choice C) is a good source of protein but is not as rich in calcium and vitamin D compared to fortified cereal. White bread (choice D) lacks the essential nutrients needed for bone health, making it a less suitable choice for individuals with osteoporosis.

3. A client has a new diagnosis of lactose intolerance and is receiving teaching from a nurse about dietary management. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?

• A. You should avoid foods that contain lactose.
• B. You should increase your intake of high-fiber foods.
• C. You should avoid foods that contain gluten.
• D. You should increase your intake of dairy products.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct statement for the nurse to include in teaching a client with lactose intolerance is to avoid foods that contain lactose. Lactose intolerance results from the body's inability to digest lactose, a sugar found in dairy products. By avoiding foods containing lactose, the client can manage symptoms and prevent complications associated with lactose intolerance. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Increasing intake of high-fiber foods (choice B) may be beneficial for general health but is not directly related to lactose intolerance. Avoiding gluten (choice C) is necessary for individuals with celiac disease, not lactose intolerance. Increasing intake of dairy products (choice D) would worsen symptoms in individuals with lactose intolerance due to the lactose content.

4. A client with hyperkalemia is being taught about dietary management. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

• A. I should increase my intake of potassium-rich foods.
• B. I should decrease my intake of potassium-rich foods.
• C. I should increase my intake of sodium-rich foods.
• D. I should decrease my intake of sodium-rich foods.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Correct! Hyperkalemia is a condition characterized by high levels of potassium in the blood. To manage hyperkalemia, it is essential to decrease the intake of potassium-rich foods since excess potassium can worsen the condition. By understanding the need to decrease potassium-rich foods, the client shows comprehension of the dietary management required for hyperkalemia. Choice A is incorrect because increasing potassium-rich foods would exacerbate hyperkalemia. Choice C is incorrect since increasing sodium-rich foods is unrelated to managing hyperkalemia and could potentially lead to other health issues. Choice D is incorrect as decreasing sodium-rich foods is not the primary focus when managing hyperkalemia.

5. A client with a new diagnosis of hyperlipidemia is receiving teaching from a healthcare provider. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

• A. I will decrease my intake of fiber.
• B. I will increase my intake of red meat.
• C. I will decrease my intake of saturated fats.
• D. I will increase my intake of salt.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Decreasing saturated fats is essential in managing hyperlipidemia. Saturated fats can raise LDL cholesterol levels, contributing to the condition. By reducing intake of saturated fats, the client can help lower their cholesterol levels and improve their overall lipid profile. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Decreasing fiber intake (Choice A) is not recommended as fiber can help lower cholesterol levels. Increasing red meat intake (Choice B) is not advisable as red meat is often high in saturated fats. Increasing salt intake (Choice D) is unrelated to managing hyperlipidemia and can even be detrimental due to its association with high blood pressure.

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