Nursing Elites

1. A client has a new diagnosis of renal calculi, and the nurse is teaching about dietary management. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?

• A. You should increase your intake of calcium-rich foods.
• B. You should decrease your intake of calcium-rich foods.
• C. You should increase your intake of sodium-rich foods.
• D. You should decrease your intake of potassium-rich foods.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is to decrease the intake of calcium-rich foods when managing renal calculi. Calcium can contribute to the formation of stones in the kidneys, so reducing its intake can help prevent the development of new calculi and manage existing ones.

2. A healthcare professional is preparing to administer a subcutaneous injection. Which of the following actions should the healthcare professional take?

• A. Use a 1-inch needle.
• B. Insert the needle at a 90-degree angle.
• C. Use a tuberculin syringe.
• D. Aspirate before injecting.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When administering a subcutaneous injection, it is important to insert the needle at a 90-degree angle to ensure proper medication delivery into the subcutaneous tissue. This angle helps prevent the medication from being injected too deeply or too superficially, ensuring optimal absorption and therapeutic effect. Choice A is incorrect because the needle length for a subcutaneous injection is typically shorter, around ⅝ to 1 inch. Choice C is incorrect as a tuberculin syringe is not commonly used for subcutaneous injections. Choice D is also incorrect as aspiration is not necessary for subcutaneous injections since there are minimal blood vessels in the subcutaneous tissue.

3. A healthcare professional is preparing to administer an intramuscular (IM) injection to a client. Which of the following actions should the healthcare professional take?

• A. Use a 1-inch needle.
• B. Insert the needle at a 45-degree angle.
• C. Aspirate before injecting the medication.
• D. Administer the injection in the deltoid muscle.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Aspirating before injecting the medication is a crucial step in IM injections to check for blood return, ensuring that the needle is not in a blood vessel. This technique helps prevent accidental intravascular injection of the medication, reducing the risk of complications such as inadvertent intravenous administration of the substance.

4. A client with a new diagnosis of hyperlipidemia is receiving teaching from a healthcare provider. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

• A. I will decrease my intake of fiber.
• B. I will increase my intake of red meat.
• C. I will decrease my intake of saturated fats.
• D. I will increase my intake of salt.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Decreasing saturated fats is essential in managing hyperlipidemia. Saturated fats can raise LDL cholesterol levels, contributing to the condition. By reducing intake of saturated fats, the client can help lower their cholesterol levels and improve their overall lipid profile. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Decreasing fiber intake (Choice A) is not recommended as fiber can help lower cholesterol levels. Increasing red meat intake (Choice B) is not advisable as red meat is often high in saturated fats. Increasing salt intake (Choice D) is unrelated to managing hyperlipidemia and can even be detrimental due to its association with high blood pressure.

5. During postoperative teaching following a hip arthroplasty, which instruction should the nurse include?

• A. Avoid lying on your operative side.
• B. Cross your legs at the ankles only.
• C. Place a pillow between your legs when turning.
• D. Avoid bending your hip more than 120 degrees.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct instruction for the nurse to include during postoperative teaching following a hip arthroplasty is to 'Place a pillow between your legs when turning.' Placing a pillow between the legs when turning is crucial as it helps prevent dislocation of the hip prosthesis. This position aids in maintaining proper alignment and stability, thereby reducing the risk of complications after hip arthroplasty surgery. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not directly address the specific action needed to protect the hip prosthesis and prevent complications.

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