HESI LPN
Community Health HESI Practice Exam
1. A female client makes routine visits to a neighborhood community health center. The nurse notes that this client often presents with facial bruising, particularly around the eyes. The nurse discusses prevention of domestic violence with the client even though the client does not admit to being battered. What level of prevention has the nurse applied in this situation?
- A. primary prevention
- B. secondary prevention
- C. tertiary prevention
- D. health promotion
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: secondary prevention. Secondary prevention involves identifying and addressing issues early to prevent further harm. In this scenario, the nurse is intervening by discussing domestic violence prevention with the client who is showing signs of facial bruising, aiming to prevent further harm even though the client has not disclosed being battered. Choice A (primary prevention) focuses on preventing the onset of a problem before it occurs, like educating about healthy relationships before violence happens. Choice C (tertiary prevention) involves managing and treating the effects of a problem that has already occurred, such as providing counseling to a domestic violence survivor. Choice D (health promotion) aims to enhance well-being and prevent health problems through educational and environmental interventions, which may include aspects of preventing domestic violence, but in this case, the nurse's direct intervention is more about early identification and prevention of harm, aligning it with secondary prevention.
2. When discussing hypothyroidism and treatment with the family of a newborn, the nurse should emphasize
- A. Expecting mental retardation in the child is likely
- B. Administering thyroid hormone can prevent problems
- C. This rare problem is always hereditary
- D. Physical growth/development will be delayed
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Administering thyroid hormone to a newborn diagnosed with hypothyroidism can prevent developmental delays and mental retardation. This treatment is crucial to ensure optimal growth and development. Choice A is incorrect because with prompt treatment, mental retardation can be prevented. Choice C is incorrect as hypothyroidism can also be acquired and not only hereditary. Choice D is incorrect as physical growth and development can be supported through timely administration of thyroid hormone.
3. Which of the following best describes the concept of 'health disparity'?
- A. Differences in health outcomes and their determinants between different segments of the population
- B. Providing equal healthcare services to all individuals
- C. Access to healthcare services regardless of income
- D. High-quality healthcare for everyone
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Differences in health outcomes and their determinants between different segments of the population.' Health disparity refers to variations in health status or health care utilization between different groups. Choice B is incorrect because providing equal healthcare services to all individuals is related to health equity, not health disparity. Choice C is also incorrect as it refers to universal access to healthcare, which is different from health disparity. Choice D is incorrect as it describes the concept of high-quality healthcare for everyone, not health disparity.
4. Which of the following statements can motivate a couple to practice family planning?
- A. Family planning helps families improve their standard of living.
- B. Family planning reduces or eliminates fear of unwanted pregnancies.
- C. Family planning affords family members time to study or pursue personal interests.
- D. All of the above
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because all the listed statements provide valid reasons to motivate couples to practice family planning. Option A highlights how family planning can lead to an improvement in the standard of living by allowing families to better manage their resources. Option B emphasizes the importance of family planning in reducing or eliminating the fear of unwanted pregnancies, which can have significant emotional and financial implications for couples. Option C points out that family planning can also afford family members time to focus on personal development, such as studying or pursuing personal interests, without the added responsibilities of unplanned pregnancies. Therefore, all these factors combined can serve as strong motivators for couples to consider and practice family planning. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because each of them individually provides a valid reason to motivate couples, making the comprehensive answer D the most appropriate.
5. The nurse is planning a nutrition class for a group of high school students emphasizing the goals for nutrition from Healthy People 2020. Which meal selection provides the best choices in meeting these goals?
- A. pasta with cheese sauce, garlic butter bread, and vegetable juice drink
- B. a 6-oz pork chop, creamed peas, cheese sauce on potatoes, coffee
- C. vegetable lasagna, lettuce salad, a whole wheat roll, 8 oz of 2% milk
- D. bacon, lettuce, tomato sandwich, whole grain chips, 8 oz. of whole milk
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because vegetable lasagna, lettuce salad, and a whole wheat roll with 2% milk align with the nutrition goals of Healthy People 2020. These choices provide a balanced meal with vegetables, whole grains, and dairy, promoting a healthier dietary pattern. Choices A, B, and D do not offer as comprehensive a selection of food groups or as healthy options as choice C, making them less aligned with the nutrition goals of Healthy People 2020.
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