Nursing Elites

1. A female client makes routine visits to a neighborhood community health center. The nurse notes that this client often presents with facial bruising, particularly around the eyes. The nurse discusses prevention of domestic violence with the client even though the client does not admit to being battered. What level of prevention has the nurse applied in this situation?

• A. primary prevention
• B. secondary prevention
• C. tertiary prevention
• D. health promotion

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: secondary prevention. Secondary prevention involves identifying and addressing issues early to prevent further harm. In this scenario, the nurse is intervening by discussing domestic violence prevention with the client who is showing signs of facial bruising, aiming to prevent further harm even though the client has not disclosed being battered. Choice A (primary prevention) focuses on preventing the onset of a problem before it occurs, like educating about healthy relationships before violence happens. Choice C (tertiary prevention) involves managing and treating the effects of a problem that has already occurred, such as providing counseling to a domestic violence survivor. Choice D (health promotion) aims to enhance well-being and prevent health problems through educational and environmental interventions, which may include aspects of preventing domestic violence, but in this case, the nurse's direct intervention is more about early identification and prevention of harm, aligning it with secondary prevention.

2. Under which level of primary health care workers does a rural sanitary inspector fall?

• A. Village health workers
• B. Intermediate level health workers
• C. Barangay health workers
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rural sanitary inspectors are classified as intermediate level health workers. They are not categorized under village health workers or barangay health workers. Therefore, the correct answer is B.

3. What is the main focus of secondary prevention?

• A. Early detection and treatment
• B. Rehabilitation
• C. Health promotion
• D. Palliative care

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The main focus of secondary prevention is early detection and treatment of disease. This approach aims to identify health conditions in their early stages when they are easier to treat or manage effectively. Choice B, rehabilitation, is more aligned with restoring function after an illness or injury has occurred. Choice C, health promotion, concentrates on educating and empowering individuals to adopt healthy behaviors to prevent the onset of diseases. Choice D, palliative care, is focused on providing comfort and improving the quality of life for individuals with serious illnesses or at the end of life, rather than on early detection and treatment.

4. As a community Health Nurse, you are a change agent. Which of the following roles must you play to succeed as a change agent?

• A. information provider
• B. information seeker
• C. motivator
• D. leader

Correct answer: B

Rationale: To succeed as a change agent, being an information seeker is crucial. While being an information provider, motivator, and leader are important roles, actively seeking information is fundamental to understanding the community's needs, concerns, and challenges before implementing effective changes. This active information seeking helps in making informed decisions and developing strategies that address the specific issues faced by the community. Therefore, the correct choice is B. Choices A, C, and D are also important roles but may not be as fundamental as actively seeking information.

5. To individualize care for a client and ensure maximum participation in that care, what should the nurse consider as the most important factor in planning the said care?

• A. environment
• B. educational attainment
• C. health beliefs and practices
• D. health status

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: health beliefs and practices. Health beliefs and practices directly influence a client's willingness and ability to participate in care. Understanding a client's health beliefs and practices helps the nurse tailor the care plan to align with the client's values and preferences. Choice A, environment, though important, may not be the most critical factor in individualizing care. Choice B, educational attainment, is relevant but not as significant as understanding the client's health beliefs and practices. Choice D, health status, is essential but does not address the individualization of care and maximizing participation as directly as health beliefs and practices.

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