Nursing Elites

1. A child with a diagnosis of pyloric stenosis is scheduled for surgery. What preoperative intervention is important for the nurse to perform?

• A. Administering intravenous fluids
• B. Monitoring for signs of infection
• C. Monitoring for signs of dehydration
• D. Monitoring for signs of pain

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct preoperative intervention for a child with pyloric stenosis is to monitor for signs of dehydration. Pyloric stenosis can lead to vomiting, which can result in dehydration. Monitoring for signs of dehydration is crucial to ensure the child's fluid balance is maintained. Administering intravenous fluids, although important for managing dehydration and electrolyte imbalances, would typically be done postoperatively rather than as a preoperative intervention. Monitoring for signs of infection is important but not specific to the preoperative period for pyloric stenosis. Monitoring for signs of pain is also important but may not be the most critical preoperative intervention in this scenario.

2. A 7-year-old child with a history of seizures is being discharged from the hospital. What should the nurse include in the discharge teaching for the parents?

• A. Administer antiepileptic medication as prescribed, not just when a seizure occurs
• B. Ensure the child gets adequate sleep
• C. Restrict the child's activities to prevent seizures
• D. Teach seizure first aid to family members

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is to teach seizure first aid to family members. This is crucial because family members need to know how to appropriately respond during a seizure to ensure the child's safety. Choice A has been corrected to emphasize that antiepileptic medication should be administered as prescribed, not just when a seizure occurs, to effectively manage the condition. Choice B, while important for overall health, is not directly related to seizure management. Choice C is not recommended as restricting activities may not prevent seizures and may hinder the child's quality of life.

3. What are the most common signs and symptoms of leukemia related to bone marrow involvement?

• A. petechiae, infection, fatigue
• B. headache, papilledema, irritability
• C. muscle wasting, weight loss, fatigue
• D. decreased intracranial pressure, psychosis, confusion

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Petechiae, infection, and fatigue are common signs and symptoms of leukemia related to bone marrow involvement. Petechiae are small red or purple spots on the skin caused by bleeding under the skin due to low platelet counts. Infection susceptibility increases due to decreased white blood cells from compromised bone marrow function. Fatigue is a common symptom of anemia resulting from decreased red blood cell production. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the typical signs and symptoms of leukemia associated with bone marrow dysfunction.

4. What is the priority intervention for a 10-year-old girl in a foster family?

• A. Determining if the child is being bullied at school
• B. Dealing with mixed parental expectations
• C. Establishing the child's primary caretaker
• D. Performing a comprehensive health assessment

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In a foster family setup, the priority intervention for a 10-year-old girl is to perform a comprehensive health assessment. This is crucial as children in foster care may have moved between different homes, leading to incomplete medical records. A comprehensive health assessment helps identify any health issues, track the child's growth and development, and ensure appropriate medical care. While addressing bullying at school, managing parental expectations, and establishing the primary caretaker are important considerations, the immediate priority for the child's well-being and holistic care is to conduct a thorough health assessment.

5. What is an important nursing consideration for a child with a diagnosis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) being treated with methotrexate?

• A. Monitor liver function tests regularly
• B. Encourage regular exercise
• C. Provide high-calorie snacks
• D. Encourage frequent handwashing

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is to monitor liver function tests regularly. Methotrexate, commonly used in JIA, can be hepatotoxic. Regular monitoring of liver function tests is crucial to detect any signs of liver damage early. While encouraging regular exercise (choice B) is generally beneficial for overall health, it is not directly related to methotrexate therapy. Providing high-calorie snacks (choice C) is not a necessary consideration in this context and can be misleading. Encouraging frequent handwashing (choice D) is important for infection control but is not specifically related to the medication methotrexate.

Similar Questions