HESI LPN
Pediatric HESI 2023
1. A healthcare professional is reviewing the clinical records of infants and children with cardiac disorders who developed heart failure. What did the healthcare professional determine is the last sign of heart failure?
- A. Tachypnea
- B. Tachycardia
- C. Peripheral edema
- D. Periorbital edema
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Peripheral edema is often the last sign of heart failure in infants and children as it indicates significant fluid retention and circulatory compromise. Tachypnea (Choice A) and tachycardia (Choice B) are early signs of heart failure due to the body's compensatory mechanisms. Periorbital edema (Choice D) can occur in heart failure but is not typically the last sign; it is more commonly associated with renal or hepatic dysfunction.
2. The parents of a 2-year-old child tell the nurse that they are having difficulty disciplining their child. What is the nurse’s most appropriate response?
- A. “This is a challenging age for your child right now.”
- B. “Could you elaborate on your challenges? I’m not clear on what you mean.”
- C. “It’s important to be consistent with toddlers when they need discipline.”
- D. “I understand your concern. This phase is often referred to as the 'terrible twos'.”
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The most appropriate response for the nurse is to emphasize the importance of consistency in discipline when dealing with toddlers. Toddlers are at a stage where they are exploring boundaries and learning what behaviors are acceptable. By being consistent, parents can help reinforce these boundaries and teach appropriate behaviors effectively. Choices A, B, and D do not provide specific guidance on how to address the discipline issue effectively. While acknowledging the challenges of this age (Choice A) and empathizing with the parents (Choice D) are important, the key point in this scenario is to highlight the significance of consistency in discipline (Choice C).
3. .A nurse is performing a physical examination on an infant with Down syndrome. For what anomaly should the nurse assess the child?
- A. Bulging fontanels
- B. Stiff lower extremities
- C. Abnormal heart sounds
- D. Unusual pupillary reactions
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Abnormal heart sounds could indicate a congenital heart defect, which is common in infants with Down syndrome.
4. A nurse plans to talk to the parents of a toddler about toilet training. What should the nurse explain is the most important factor in the process of toilet training?
- A. Parents' attitude about it
- B. Child's desire to remain dry
- C. Child's ability to sit still on the toilet
- D. Parents' willingness to work at the toilet training
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The most crucial factor in the process of toilet training is the parents' willingness to consistently engage and work with their child. While parents' attitude and the child's desire to remain dry can influence the process, the key to successful toilet training lies in the parents' commitment and effort. The child's ability to sit still on the toilet is important but not as critical as the parents' active involvement and support in guiding and encouraging the child through the training process.
5. A 34-year-old woman, who is 36 weeks pregnant, is having a seizure. After you protect her airway and ensure adequate ventilation, you should transport her
- A. on her left side
- B. in the prone position
- C. in the supine position
- D. in a semi-sitting position
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Transporting a pregnant woman who is having a seizure on her left side is crucial as it helps improve blood flow to the fetus and reduces the risk of further complications. Placing her in the prone position or supine position may compromise blood flow to the fetus and worsen the situation. A semi-sitting position is also not recommended as it may not provide optimal blood flow to the fetus or adequately protect the airway during a seizure.
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