a chemical feature that distinguishes a saturated fatty acid from an unsaturated fatty acid is the

ATI LPN

Nutrition ATI Proctored Exam

1. A chemical feature that distinguishes a saturated fatty acid from an unsaturated fatty acid is the:

A. arrangement of carbon atoms.
B. number of oxygen molecules.
C. number of double bonds.
D. food source.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds. Therefore, the number of double bonds is the chemical feature that distinguishes a saturated fatty acid from an unsaturated fatty acid. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the distinguishing factor between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids lies in the presence or absence of double bonds, not in the arrangement of carbon atoms, number of oxygen molecules, or food source.

2. The percentage of the total daily caloric intake for healthy persons that should be supplied by carbohydrate is:

A. 10% to 35%.
B. 20% to 35%.
C. 40% to 55%.
D. 45% to 65%.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: 45% to 65%. Carbohydrates should contribute between 45% to 65% of the total daily caloric intake for healthy individuals to maintain a balanced diet. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they suggest lower ranges, which may not provide sufficient energy from carbohydrates for overall health and well-being.

3. Which of the following is a source of complete protein?

A. Cereal grains.
B. Beans.
C. Nuts.
D. Eggs.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Eggs are considered a source of complete protein because they contain all the essential amino acids required by the body. The other options, cereal grains, beans, and nuts, do not provide all the essential amino acids in the necessary proportions to be classified as complete proteins.

4. Which hormone stimulates the gallbladder to contract?

A. Secretin.
B. Cholecystokinin (CCK).
C. Gastrin.
D. Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP).

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Cholecystokinin (CCK) is the hormone responsible for stimulating the gallbladder to contract and release bile into the small intestine. Secretin primarily acts on the pancreas to stimulate the secretion of bicarbonate-rich fluid. Gastrin functions in the stimulation of gastric acid secretion, while Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) plays a role in inhibiting gastric acid secretion and stimulating insulin release.

5. Which of the following sandwiches is high in saturated fatty acids?

A. Tuna salad
B. Grilled cheese
C. Turkey and sprouts
D. Peanut butter and jelly

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is Grilled cheese because it is high in saturated fatty acids due to the dairy fat content in cheese. Tuna salad, turkey and sprouts, and peanut butter and jelly do not contain as high levels of saturated fatty acids as grilled cheese. Tuna salad typically contains mayonnaise which may contribute to some saturated fat content, but it is generally lower compared to the cheese in grilled cheese. Turkey and sprouts are leaner options, while peanut butter and jelly are higher in unsaturated fats rather than saturated fats.