Nursing Elites

1. The mineral that helps control enzyme actions in cell mitochondria that produce and store high-energy compounds is:

• A. iron.
• B. cobalt.
• C. hemoglobin.
• D. vitamin B12.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is iron. Iron is essential for enzyme function and energy production within the mitochondria. While cobalt is important for certain enzymes, it is not the primary mineral involved in this specific function. Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen, not a mineral involved in enzyme actions. Vitamin B12 is crucial for nerve function and DNA synthesis but is not directly related to controlling enzyme actions in mitochondria.

2. Which of the following foods is high in indispensable amino acids?

• A. Lentils
• B. Tofu
• C. Peanuts
• D. Eggs

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, eggs. Eggs are considered a high-quality protein source as they are rich in indispensable amino acids. Lentils, tofu, and peanuts also contain protein but are not as high in indispensable amino acids as eggs, making them less complete protein sources.

3. What substance acts as an emulsifier and helps absorb digested fat?

• A. bile
• B. trypsin
• C. lipase
• D. cholecystokinin (CCK)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: bile. Bile acts as an emulsifier, breaking down fats into smaller droplets to aid in digestion and absorption. Trypsin is a digestive enzyme that acts on proteins, not fats. Lipase is an enzyme that breaks down fats, but it doesn't act as an emulsifier. Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a hormone that stimulates the release of digestive enzymes, including lipase, but it is not directly involved in emulsification.

4. Which nutrient group provides the primary source of energy for the body?

• A. Carbohydrates.
• B. Fats.
• C. Proteins.
• D. Vitamins.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Carbohydrates are the body's primary source of energy. When carbohydrates are consumed, they are broken down into glucose, which is used by the body's cells for energy production. Fats and proteins are also essential nutrients, but carbohydrates are the preferred energy source for the body due to their quick conversion into fuel. Vitamins are not a direct source of energy but play crucial roles in various bodily functions.

5. What is the basis of MyPlate food guidance?

• A. Percentage of calories from each macronutrient.
• B. Exchange Lists for Meal Planning.
• C. Appropriate amounts of food from each food group.
• D. Amounts of macronutrients and micronutrients.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Appropriate amounts of food from each food group.' MyPlate food guidance focuses on portion sizes from different food groups to promote a balanced diet. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because MyPlate emphasizes the consumption of a variety of foods from different food groups rather than focusing solely on macronutrient percentages, exchange lists, or specific nutrient amounts.

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