Nursing Elites

1. The rate of gastric emptying depends on the:

• A. time of day food is consumed.
• B. composition of food consumed.
• C. rate of food consumption.
• D. frequency of eating.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The rate at which the stomach empties its contents is primarily determined by the composition of the food consumed. Foods high in fat and protein tend to slow down gastric emptying, while foods high in carbohydrates usually pass through more quickly. Therefore, the composition of food consumed directly impacts the rate of gastric emptying. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not directly affect the rate of gastric emptying.

2. What are dextrins?

• A. Polysaccharides.
• B. End products of starch digestion.
• C. Formed in the liver.
• D. Rapidly excreted.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Dextrins are a type of polysaccharides formed during the breakdown of starch. Choice A is correct because dextrins are indeed polysaccharides, not the end products of starch digestion (Choice B). They are not formed in the liver (Choice C) nor rapidly excreted (Choice D).

3. The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range for fat recommends that the percentage of total kcalories from fat should fall between:

• A. 10% and 20%.
• B. 20% and 25%.
• C. 20% and 35%.
• D. 30% and 45%.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for fat suggests that 20% to 35% of total kcalories should come from fat. This range is recommended to maintain good health. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not fall within the specified range. A lower percentage (10-20%) may not provide enough essential fatty acids, while a higher percentage (30-45%) may increase the risk of health issues associated with excessive fat consumption.

4. Mucus is produced by the salivary glands and the:

• A. intestinal glands.
• B. esophageal glands.
• C. pineal gland.
• D. islets of Langerhans.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Mucus is produced by the salivary glands to moisten food and aid in swallowing. Additionally, the intestinal glands secrete mucus to protect the lining of the intestines. The other choices, esophageal glands, pineal gland, and islets of Langerhans, are not involved in the production of mucus in the digestive system.

5. In addition to calcium, the major minerals needed to build and maintain bone tissue include:

• A. potassium
• B. iron
• C. phosphorus
• D. fluoride

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: phosphorus. Phosphorus, along with calcium, is essential for bone health and maintenance. Potassium (choice A) is important for muscle function, iron (choice B) is crucial for red blood cell production, and fluoride (choice D) helps prevent tooth decay but is not a major mineral needed for bone tissue.

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