Nursing Elites

1. Which enzyme is secreted by the salivary glands?

• A. Pepsin.
• B. Trypsin.
• C. Sucrase.
• D. Amylase.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, amylase. Amylase is an enzyme produced by the salivary glands that initiates the digestion of carbohydrates in the mouth. Pepsin (choice A) is produced in the stomach to digest proteins, trypsin (choice B) is produced in the pancreas to digest proteins, and sucrase (choice C) is produced in the small intestine to break down sucrose. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect in the context of an enzyme secreted by the salivary glands.

2. An example of government nutrition policy is:

• A. MyPlate Food Guidance System.
• B. Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2010.
• C. Healthy People 2020.
• D. Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs).

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Healthy People 2020. Healthy People 2020 is a government initiative that sets goals for improving the health of Americans, including specific nutritional objectives. Choices A, B, and D are not examples of government nutrition policies. MyPlate Food Guidance System is a visual tool to help individuals make healthy food choices, Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2010 provide evidence-based advice for Americans two years and older, and Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are a set of nutrient reference values.

3. A food choice equivalent to one serving from the Protein group of MyPlate is:

• A. 1 tbsp peanut butter.
• B. 3 oz fish.
• C. 2 oz cheese.
• D. 1/2 cup cooked dry beans or peas.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: One tablespoon of peanut butter is equivalent to one serving from the Protein group in MyPlate. It provides a good amount of protein and healthy fats. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they represent larger serving sizes than a single serving from the Protein group in MyPlate. 3 oz of fish, 2 oz of cheese, and 1/2 cup of cooked dry beans or peas would exceed the recommended serving size for the Protein group.

4. The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range for fat recommends that the percentage of total kcalories from fat should fall between:

• A. 10% and 20%.
• B. 20% and 25%.
• C. 20% and 35%.
• D. 30% and 45%.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for fat suggests that 20% to 35% of total kcalories should come from fat. This range is recommended to maintain good health. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not fall within the specified range. A lower percentage (10-20%) may not provide enough essential fatty acids, while a higher percentage (30-45%) may increase the risk of health issues associated with excessive fat consumption.

5. Proteins from plant sources such as grains, nuts, and legumes are classified as:

• A. incomplete.
• B. complete.
• C. indispensable.
• D. dispensable.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'incomplete.' Proteins from plant sources like grains, nuts, and legumes are considered incomplete because they often lack one or more essential amino acids required by the body. Choice B, 'complete,' is incorrect because complete proteins contain all essential amino acids in adequate amounts. Choice C, 'indispensable,' is incorrect as it refers to essential amino acids rather than the classification of plant proteins. Choice D, 'dispensable,' is also incorrect as it implies that these proteins are not necessary, which is not the case.

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