Nursing Elites

1. Which enzyme is secreted by the salivary glands?

• A. Pepsin.
• B. Trypsin.
• C. Sucrase.
• D. Amylase.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, amylase. Amylase is an enzyme produced by the salivary glands that initiates the digestion of carbohydrates in the mouth. Pepsin (choice A) is produced in the stomach to digest proteins, trypsin (choice B) is produced in the pancreas to digest proteins, and sucrase (choice C) is produced in the small intestine to break down sucrose. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect in the context of an enzyme secreted by the salivary glands.

2. After absorption, the end products of carbohydrate and protein digestion enter the:

• A. enterohepatic circulation.
• B. gastrointestinal circulation.
• C. common bile duct.
• D. portal blood system.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: portal blood system. After absorption, carbohydrates and proteins are transported via the portal blood system to the liver for further processing and distribution to the rest of the body. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Enterohepatic circulation refers to the recycling of compounds between the liver and the intestines, not the direct route for absorbed nutrients. Gastrointestinal circulation is a vague and non-specific term, not specifically related to the transport of absorbed nutrients. The common bile duct is involved in transporting bile from the liver and gallbladder to the small intestine, not the end products of carbohydrate and protein digestion.

3. To prevent symptoms of fatigue, dehydration, and energy loss, what is the daily recommended minimum intake of carbohydrates?

• A. 130 g.
• B. 230 g.
• C. 330 g.
• D. 430 g.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 130 g. The recommended minimum intake of carbohydrates to prevent fatigue, dehydration, and energy loss is 130 grams per day. Consuming an adequate amount of carbohydrates provides the body with energy and helps prevent symptoms associated with insufficient carbohydrate intake. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they suggest higher amounts of carbohydrate intake, which may not necessarily align with the recommended daily minimum intake for preventing symptoms of fatigue, dehydration, and energy loss.

4. The sugar to which all other sugars are converted during human metabolism is:

• A. sucrose
• B. fructose
• C. glucose
• D. maltose

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Glucose is the primary sugar used by the body for energy and is converted from other sugars during metabolism. Sucrose is a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose, not the end product of sugar metabolism. Fructose is a simple sugar found in fruits but needs to be converted to glucose for cellular energy. Maltose is a disaccharide composed of two glucose units and is not the final product of sugar metabolism in humans.

5. A food choice equivalent to one serving from the Protein group of MyPlate is:

• A. 1 tbsp peanut butter.
• B. 3 oz fish.
• C. 2 oz cheese.
• D. 1/2 cup cooked dry beans or peas.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: One tablespoon of peanut butter is equivalent to one serving from the Protein group in MyPlate. It provides a good amount of protein and healthy fats. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they represent larger serving sizes than a single serving from the Protein group in MyPlate. 3 oz of fish, 2 oz of cheese, and 1/2 cup of cooked dry beans or peas would exceed the recommended serving size for the Protein group.

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