Nursing Elites

1. What determines the magnitude of the frictional force acting on a book sliding across a table?

• A. Only the mass of the book
• B. Only the normal force from the table
• C. Both the mass of the book and the normal force from the table
• D. Neither the mass of the book nor the normal force from the table

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The magnitude of the frictional force acting on the book sliding across a table is determined by both the mass of the book and the normal force from the table. Frictional force is proportional to the normal force (which is influenced by the weight of the book, i.e., its mass) and is affected by the surfaces in contact and other friction-related factors. Therefore, both the mass of the book and the normal force from the table are essential in determining the frictional force experienced by the book during its sliding motion. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because friction is a result of the interaction between the surfaces and is influenced by both the mass of the object and the normal force acting on it.

2. Which state of matter has particles that are highly organized in a fixed pattern and vibrate in place?

• A. Solid
• B. Liquid
• C. Gas
• D. Plasma

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Solid.' Solids have particles that are tightly packed together in a fixed pattern, allowing them to vibrate in place. This highly organized structure gives solids a definite shape and volume. In contrast, liquids have particles that are close together but can move past each other, enabling them to flow and take the shape of their container. Gases have particles that are far apart and move freely in all directions, filling the entire space available to them. Plasmas, on the other hand, have highly energized particles that do not have a fixed pattern and are not confined by a definite volume or shape.

3. What are the white blood cells responsible for coordinating the immune response called?

• A. Red blood cells
• B. Platelets
• C. Lymphocytes
• D. Neutrophils

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Lymphocytes, which include B cells, T cells, and natural killer cells, are responsible for coordinating the immune response. They play a crucial role in recognizing and fighting against pathogens and foreign substances in the body. Red blood cells are responsible for oxygen transport, platelets aid in blood clotting, and neutrophils are white blood cells primarily involved in combating infections. Therefore, the correct answer is C, lymphocytes, as they are specifically involved in coordinating immune responses.

4. Which of the following is NOT a common route of transmission for a sexually transmitted infection (STI)?

• A. Unprotected sexual contact
• B. Sharing contaminated needles
• C. Deep kissing
• D. Mother to child during childbirth

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A) Unprotected sexual contact is a common route of transmission for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) as many STIs are spread through genital, anal, or oral sex without the use of barrier protection such as condoms. B) Sharing contaminated needles can also transmit STIs such as HIV and hepatitis B and C, especially among individuals who inject drugs. C) Deep kissing, while it can transmit certain infections like herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) or cytomegalovirus (CMV), is not a common route of transmission for most STIs. Although some STIs can be transmitted through saliva, deep kissing is not a primary mode of transmission for most STIs. D) Mother to child transmission during childbirth can occur with certain STIs such as HIV, syphilis, and herpes, where the infection can be passed from the mother to the baby during delivery. Therefore, deep kissing (option C) is the correct answer as it is not a typical route of transmission for most STIs.

5. Urinary system health can be maintained through various lifestyle practices. Which of the following is NOT recommended for optimal urinary system health?

• A. Limiting high-sodium foods in the diet
• B. Consuming adequate amounts of cranberry juice
• C. Holding urine in the bladder for long periods
• D. Getting regular moderate-intensity exercise

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Holding urine in the bladder for long periods is not recommended for optimal urinary system health. It can increase the risk of urinary tract infections and other bladder-related issues. When urine is held for a long time, bacteria have more time to multiply in the bladder, leading to infections. Additionally, holding urine for prolonged periods can also contribute to bladder distension, which may affect bladder function over time. Therefore, it is crucial to empty the bladder regularly to maintain good urinary system health. Limiting high-sodium foods helps reduce the risk of kidney stones and high blood pressure, while consuming cranberry juice may help prevent urinary tract infections by interfering with the adhesion of bacteria to the bladder walls. Regular moderate-intensity exercise promotes overall health, including maintaining a healthy weight and reducing the risk of chronic conditions that can impact the urinary system.

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