a 1 year old child has a congenital cardiac malformation that causes right to left shunting of blood through the heart what clinical finding should th
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Pediatric HESI Practice Questions

1. A 1-year-old child has a congenital cardiac malformation that causes right-to-left shunting of blood through the heart. What clinical finding should the healthcare provider expect?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In a congenital cardiac malformation causing right-to-left shunting, the nurse should expect an elevated hematocrit. This occurs because the body compensates for decreased oxygenation by producing more red blood cells. Proteinuria (Choice A) is not typically associated with congenital cardiac malformations causing right-to-left shunting. Peripheral edema (Choice B) is more commonly seen in conditions causing left-sided heart failure. Absence of pedal pulses (Choice D) is not a typical finding in congenital cardiac malformations causing right-to-left shunting.

2. After a cardiac catheterization, what is the priority nursing care for a 3-year-old child?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: After a cardiac catheterization, the priority nursing care for a 3-year-old child is monitoring the site for bleeding. This is essential to promptly identify and address any signs of bleeding or hematoma formation, which are potential complications of the procedure. Encouraging early ambulation may be beneficial post-procedure but ensuring site integrity takes precedence. Restricting fluids until blood pressure stabilization is not a standard post-catheterization practice, as adequate hydration is crucial for recovery. Comparing the blood pressure of both lower extremities is not a priority immediate nursing action after a cardiac catheterization in a pediatric patient.

3. In planning care for a 7-year-old boy with diabetes insipidus, what is the priority nursing diagnosis?

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The priority nursing diagnosis for a 7-year-old boy with diabetes insipidus is deficient fluid volume related to dehydration. Diabetes insipidus leads to excessive urination and fluid loss, which can result in dehydration. This diagnosis should take precedence as restoring fluid balance is crucial in managing this condition. Choices B, C, and D are less of a priority in this case. Excess fluid volume related to edema is not typically associated with diabetes insipidus. Deficient knowledge about fluid intake and imbalanced nutrition related to excess weight may be important but addressing the dehydration and fluid volume deficit is the most critical aspect in the immediate care of a child with diabetes insipidus.

4. A nurse is caring for an infant with intractable vomiting. For what complication is it most important for the nurse to assess?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When an infant experiences intractable vomiting, it can lead to the loss of stomach acids, resulting in metabolic alkalosis. Alkalosis is characterized by elevated blood pH and can lead to serious complications. Assessing for alkalosis is essential in this scenario to monitor and manage the infant's condition. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because in this context, the primary concern is the metabolic imbalance caused by excessive vomiting, leading to alkalosis rather than acidosis, hyperkalemia, or hypernatremia.

5. The nurse is teaching a parent group about the reasons for adhering to the immunization schedule. What complication of mumps is important for adolescents to avoid?

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Sterility. Mumps can lead to serious complications such as sterility, especially in adolescent males. Vaccination is essential to prevent this potential outcome. Hypopituitarism (Choice B) is not a typical complication of mumps. Choices C and D, decrease in libido and decrease in androgens, are not directly associated with mumps complications, particularly in the context of adolescents.

Similar Questions

The healthcare professional is assessing a 4-year-old client. Which finding suggests to the healthcare professional this child may have a genetic disorder?
The nurse is preparing a presentation to a local community group about genetic disorders and the types of congenital anomalies that can occur. What would the nurse include as a major congenital anomaly?
How should you care for an alert 4-year-old child with a mild airway obstruction, who has respiratory distress, a strong cough, and normal skin color?
What is the typical therapeutic management treatment for children with Hirschsprung disease?
What is a common finding that the nurse can identify in most children with symptomatic cardiac malformations?

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