Nursing Elites

1. Which term describes the resistance of a substance to being hammered into different shapes?

• A. Viscosity
• B. Ductility
• C. Malleability
• D. Conductivity

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Malleability is the property that allows a substance to be hammered or rolled into thin sheets without breaking. It is the opposite of brittleness. Ductility refers to the ability of a material to be drawn into thin wires, not hammered into shapes. Viscosity is the measure of a fluid's resistance to flow, indicating how thick or sticky it is, not related to shaping by hammering. Conductivity refers to the ability of a material to conduct electricity or heat, not resistance to being hammered into different shapes.

2. What determines the defining characteristic of an element?

• A. Neutrons in its nucleus
• B. Electrons surrounding the nucleus
• C. Protons in its nucleus
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The defining characteristic of an element is determined by the number of protons in its nucleus, which is referred to as the atomic number. The number of protons uniquely identifies an element. The correct answer is choice C because the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom defines its elemental identity, as different elements have a unique number of protons. Neutrons and electrons do play essential roles in the atom, but they do not determine the defining characteristic of an element. Neutrons contribute to the stability of the nucleus and isotopes of an element, while electrons are involved in chemical bonding and the reactivity of an atom.

3. What breaks down into glucose to provide energy?

• A. Lipids
• B. Proteins
• C. Carbohydrates
• D. Nucleic acids

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose during digestion, providing energy for cellular processes through glycolysis and cellular respiration. Glucose is a primary source of energy for cells, and its breakdown is essential for powering various cellular activities. Lipids are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol, not glucose. Proteins are broken down into amino acids and are not a direct source of glucose. Nucleic acids are not broken down into glucose for energy production.

4. Which type of chemical reaction produces a salt?

• A. An oxidation reaction
• B. A neutralization reaction
• C. A synthesis reaction
• D. A decomposition reaction

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, a neutralization reaction. In a neutralization reaction, an acid and a base react to produce a salt and water. This process involves the combination of H+ ions from the acid and OH- ions from the base to form water, while the remaining ions combine to form a salt. Therefore, a neutralization reaction is the specific type of chemical reaction that produces a salt. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. An oxidation reaction involves the loss of electrons, a synthesis reaction involves the formation of a compound from simpler substances, and a decomposition reaction involves the breakdown of a compound into simpler substances. None of these reactions directly lead to the production of a salt, making them incorrect choices in this context.

5. How does kinetic energy change when the velocity of an object is doubled?

• A. Kinetic energy is halved
• B. Kinetic energy quadruples
• C. Kinetic energy doubles
• D. Kinetic energy remains the same

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Kinetic energy is directly proportional to the square of the velocity of an object according to the kinetic energy formula (KE = 0.5 * m * v^2). When the velocity is doubled, the kinetic energy increases by a factor of 2^2 = 4. Therefore, the kinetic energy quadruples when the velocity of an object is doubled. Choice A is incorrect because halving the kinetic energy would be the result if the velocity was halved, not doubled. Choice C is incorrect because doubling the velocity would result in a fourfold increase in kinetic energy, not just a double. Choice D is incorrect because kinetic energy is directly related to the velocity of an object, so if the velocity changes, the kinetic energy changes accordingly.

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