Nursing Elites

1. Which nitrogenous bases pair with each other in DNA?

• A. A-G and T-C
• B. A-T and C-G
• C. A-T and T-T
• D. C-C and G-G

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In DNA, nitrogenous bases pair with each other in a specific manner known as complementary base pairing. Adenine (A) always pairs with Thymine (T), and Cytosine (C) always pairs with Guanine (G). This pairing is essential for maintaining the structure and function of DNA. Option B is the correct answer as it correctly identifies the nitrogenous bases that pair with each other in DNA. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not follow the established base pairing rules in DNA. A-T and C-G are the complementary base pairs in DNA, ensuring the stability and replication fidelity of the genetic material.

2. In a single displacement reaction, one element takes the place of another element in a compound. Which of the following is an example?

• A. 2H2 + O2 -> 2H2O
• B. Zn + 2HCl -> ZnCl2 + H2
• C. CaCO3 -> CaO + CO2
• D. CH4 + 2O2 -> CO2 + 2H2O

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Option B demonstrates a single displacement reaction where zinc (Zn) displaces hydrogen (H) in hydrochloric acid (HCl) to produce zinc chloride (ZnCl2) and hydrogen gas (H2). This reaction exemplifies the concept of one element (Zn) replacing another element (H) in a compound (HCl), which is characteristic of single displacement reactions. Choices A, C, and D do not involve a single element displacing another in a compound, making them incorrect. In choice A, hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water, which is not a single displacement reaction. In choice C, calcium carbonate decomposes into calcium oxide and carbon dioxide, not involving displacement of elements. In choice D, methane reacts with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water, which is a combustion reaction, not a single displacement reaction.

3. Two nursing students will be completing a scientific experiment measuring the mass of chewed gum after one-minute chewing increments. Which lab equipment will the students most likely use?

• A. Triple beam balance
• B. Anemometer
• C. Hot plate
• D. Microscope

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Triple beam balance. A triple beam balance is the most suitable lab equipment for measuring mass accurately, which is necessary for this experiment. An anemometer measures wind speed, a hot plate is used for heating substances, and a microscope is used for magnifying objects, none of which are relevant to measuring the mass of chewed gum.

4. What is the function of fascia in muscle tissue?

• A. to enclose, protect, support, and separate muscle tissue
• B. to connect muscle tissue to bone
• C. to serve as the contractile unit of muscle
• D. to slide past the actin protein cells in muscle to create contraction

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'to enclose, protect, support, and separate muscle tissue.' Fascia is a connective tissue that surrounds muscles, providing structural support, protecting them from friction and injury, and helping in movement. Choice B is incorrect as tendons are responsible for connecting muscle tissue to bone. Choice C is incorrect as the contractile unit of muscle is the sarcomere, not fascia. Choice D is incorrect as the process described relates to muscle contraction mechanisms involving actin and myosin, not the function of fascia.

5. Which of the following describes a situation in which research results are consistent with every subsequent experiment, but the test used in the experiment does not measure what it claims to measure?

• A. reliable, but not valid
• B. valid, but not reliable
• C. neither reliable nor valid
• D. both reliable and valid

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, 'reliable, but not valid.' In this scenario, the research results are consistent in every subsequent experiment, indicating reliability. However, the test used does not measure what it claims to measure, leading to a lack of validity in the results. Choice B, 'valid, but not reliable,' would imply that the test consistently measures what it claims but the results are not consistent, which is not the case here. Choice C, 'neither reliable nor valid,' would suggest that the results are neither consistent nor relevant, which does not align with the provided scenario. Choice D, 'both reliable and valid,' would mean that the results are consistent and measure what they claim to measure, which contradicts the situation described in the question.

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