Nursing Elites

1. What property of a wave determines its pitch in sound waves?

• A. Amplitude
• B. Frequency
• C. Wavelength
• D. Speed

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The pitch of a sound wave is determined by its frequency. Frequency is the number of cycles of a wave that occur in a unit of time, usually measured in hertz (Hz). Higher frequencies correspond to higher pitches, while lower frequencies correspond to lower pitches. Amplitude refers to the height of a wave and is related to the loudness of the sound. Wavelength is the distance between two consecutive points in a wave that are in phase, and speed is the rate at which a wave travels through a medium. Therefore, the correct answer is frequency as it directly correlates with the pitch of a sound wave.

2. What is the main function of the pancreas?

• A. To store food and break it down into smaller pieces
• B. To absorb nutrients into the bloodstream
• C. To produce enzymes that help digest food
• D. To regulate blood sugar levels

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The main function of the pancreas is to produce digestive enzymes that aid in breaking down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in food. These enzymes are essential for the digestion and absorption of nutrients in the small intestine. While the pancreas also plays a role in regulating blood sugar levels by producing insulin and glucagon, its primary function is to produce enzymes for food digestion. Options A and B are incorrect as the pancreas is not involved in storing food or absorbing nutrients into the bloodstream.

3. What type of macromolecule is hemoglobin?

• A. Carbohydrate
• B. Lipid
• C. Protein
• D. Nucleic acid

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Protein. Hemoglobin is a protein responsible for carrying oxygen in the blood. Proteins are macromolecules made up of amino acids and play a vital role in various biological functions, including the transportation of molecules like oxygen. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids are different types of macromolecules that have distinct structures and functions. Carbohydrates are mainly involved in energy storage and structural support, lipids are essential for energy storage and cell membrane structure, and nucleic acids are responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information.

4. What is the term for a group of organisms living in the same place and interacting with each other?

• A. Ecosystem
• B. Community
• C. Population
• D. Niche

Correct answer: B

Rationale: - A) Ecosystem refers to a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment. - B) Community specifically refers to a group of organisms of different species living in the same place and interacting with each other. - C) Population refers to a group of individuals of the same species living in the same area. - D) Niche refers to the role or function of an organism or species within an ecosystem. In this context, the term for a group of organisms living in the same place and interacting with each other is best described as a community because it involves multiple species interacting within a shared habitat.

5. Two mice are both heterozygous for two traits: white fur (Ww) and short fur (Ss). Their offspring are most likely to have which of the following genotypes for these traits?

• A. wwss
• B. WWSS
• C. WwSs
• D. WWSs

Correct answer: C

Rationale: When two mice that are heterozygous for white fur (Ww) and short fur (Ss) mate, they can produce offspring with different combinations of the two traits. The Punnett square for this cross shows that the most likely genotype for the offspring is WwSs. In this case, each offspring receives one allele for white fur (W) and one for short fur (S) from each parent, resulting in a heterozygous genotype for both traits. Choice A (wwss) is incorrect as it represents a homozygous recessive genotype for both traits. Choice B (WWSS) is also incorrect as it represents a homozygous dominant genotype for both traits. Choice D (WWSs) is incorrect as it represents a genotype where one trait is homozygous dominant (W) and the other is heterozygous (S), which is not the most likely outcome based on the given parental genotypes.

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