Nursing Elites

1. Which property of a substance refers to its ability to be stretched into thin wires without breaking?

• A. Conductivity
• B. Viscosity
• C. Ductility
• D. Malleability

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Ductility is the property of a substance that allows it to be stretched into thin wires without breaking. This property is distinct from the other options provided. Conductivity refers to the ability to conduct electricity or heat, viscosity refers to a liquid's resistance to flow, and malleability refers to the ability of a substance to be hammered or rolled into thin sheets. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Ductility.'

2. What is the electrical charge of the nucleus?

• A. A nucleus always has a positive charge.
• B. A stable nucleus has a positive charge, but a radioactive nucleus may have no charge and instead be neutral.
• C. A nucleus always has no charge and is instead neutral.
• D. A stable nucleus has no charge and is instead neutral, but a radioactive nucleus may have a charge.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A nucleus always has a positive charge. This is because the nucleus is composed of positively charged protons, along with neutral neutrons. The positive charge of the protons is balanced by the negative charge of the surrounding electrons in an atom, resulting in an overall neutral charge for the atom as a whole. Therefore, choice A is correct as it accurately reflects the positive charge of the nucleus due to the presence of protons. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately represent the fundamental composition and charge distribution within an atom's nucleus. A stable nucleus consists of positively charged protons and neutral neutrons, leading to an overall positive charge, and not a neutral charge as suggested in the incorrect choices.

3. What is an electrically charged atom called?

• A. Ion
• B. Isotope
• C. Molecule
• D. Compound

Correct answer: A

Rationale: An ion is an atom that has gained or lost electrons, resulting in a positive or negative charge, making it electrically charged. This term specifically refers to atoms with a net electrical charge. Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons, not electrically charged. Molecules are formed when atoms bond together, but they are not necessarily charged. Compounds are substances composed of different elements bonded together, but they may not be electrically charged.

4. What function do genes serve in the relationship between parents and offspring?

• A. Genes enable hereditary information to be passed from parents to offspring.
• B. Genes prohibit hereditary information from being passed from parents to offspring.
• C. Genes enable environmental factors to affect parents and offspring.
• D. Genes serve no function in the relationship between parents and offspring.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Genes play a crucial role in passing hereditary information from parents to offspring, ensuring the transmission of genetic traits. This process forms the basis of inheritance and genetic continuity between generations. Choice B is incorrect as genes do not prohibit but rather facilitate the transmission of hereditary information. Choice C is incorrect because genes primarily transmit genetic information, while the influence of environmental factors is separate. Choice D is incorrect as genes are fundamental in genetic inheritance and the relationship between parents and offspring.

5. What defines the systole phase in the cardiac cycle?

• A. Relaxation of the heart
• B. Contraction of the heart
• C. Diastole of the heart
• D. Pulse rate of the heart

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Contraction of the heart. Systole is the phase of the cardiac cycle during which the heart muscle contracts, pumping blood out of the chambers. It is essential for maintaining circulation and delivering oxygen and nutrients to the body's tissues. Diastole (choice C) is the relaxation phase of the heart when the chambers fill with blood. Pulse rate (choice D) is the number of heartbeats per minute, not specifically related to the systole phase. Choice A, 'Relaxation of the heart,' is incorrect because systole refers to the contraction phase of the cardiac cycle, not relaxation.

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