Nursing Elites

1. Which property of a substance refers to its ability to be stretched into thin wires?

• A. Conductivity
• B. Viscosity
• C. Ductility
• D. Malleability

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Ductility is the property of a substance that allows it to be stretched into thin wires without breaking. It is a crucial property for materials used in wire production. Conductivity refers to the ability of a substance to conduct electricity or heat, not to be stretched into wires. Viscosity is the measure of a fluid's resistance to flow, not its ability to be stretched. Malleability is the property of a substance that allows it to be hammered or rolled into thin sheets, not stretched into wires.

2. What is the process of a gas changing into a liquid called?

• A. Evaporation
• B. Boiling
• C. Condensation
• D. Sublimation

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Condensation is the process where gas particles release energy, slow down, and come together to form a liquid. This phase change occurs when the temperature of the gas decreases, causing the particles to lose energy and transition into the liquid state. In condensation, the gas loses heat energy, leading to a decrease in kinetic energy, which allows the particles to come closer together and form a liquid. This transformation is commonly observed when water vapor in the air cools down and turns into liquid water droplets, seen as dew or fog. Evaporation (choice A) is the opposite process where a liquid changes into a gas. Boiling (choice B) is the rapid phase change from liquid to gas that occurs at a specific temperature. Sublimation (choice D) is the direct transition of a substance from the solid phase to the gas phase without passing through the liquid phase.

3. What tool helps scientists identify and classify organisms based on their shared characteristics?

• A. Binomial nomenclature
• B. Cladistics
• C. Dichotomous key
• D. Domain-based classification

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A) Binomial nomenclature is a system used to give each organism a two-part scientific name (genus and species) but does not help in identifying or classifying organisms based on shared characteristics. B) Cladistics is a method of classification based on evolutionary relationships and shared characteristics, but it is not a tool used for identifying organisms. C) A dichotomous key is a tool that helps scientists identify and classify organisms based on their shared characteristics by presenting a series of choices leading the user to the correct identification. D) Domain-based classification is a system of grouping organisms into three domains (Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya) based on molecular and genetic similarities, but it is not a tool used for identifying organisms based on shared characteristics.

4. Which hormone primarily triggers ovulation in the female menstrual cycle?

• A. Estrogen
• B. Progesterone
• C. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
• D. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Luteinizing hormone (LH) is the hormone primarily responsible for triggering ovulation in the female menstrual cycle. LH surge occurs around the middle of the menstrual cycle, causing the mature follicle to release an egg from the ovary. Estrogen and progesterone play crucial roles in regulating the menstrual cycle and preparing the endometrium for potential implantation of a fertilized egg, but they do not trigger ovulation directly. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is essential for the development of ovarian follicles but is not the primary hormone responsible for ovulation. Therefore, the correct answer is Luteinizing hormone (LH) as it directly initiates the release of the egg during ovulation.

5. When ice melts, it undergoes a...

• A. Chemical change
• B. Physical change
• C. Nuclear change
• D. Radioactive decay

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When ice melts, it undergoes a physical change, transitioning from a solid state to a liquid state. This change does not involve altering the chemical composition of the ice, making it a physical change rather than a chemical change, nuclear change, or radioactive decay. Choice A, 'Chemical change,' is incorrect because a chemical change involves a rearrangement of atoms resulting in new substances. Choice C, 'Nuclear change,' is incorrect as it refers to changes in the nucleus of an atom, not the phase transition of ice. Choice D, 'Radioactive decay,' is incorrect as it involves the spontaneous disintegration of an unstable atomic nucleus, which is not the process occurring when ice melts.

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