Nursing Elites

1. Which property describes a substance's resistance to flow?

• A. Density
• B. Viscosity
• C. Conductivity
• D. Reactivity

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Viscosity is the property that describes a substance's resistance to flow. A substance with high viscosity flows slowly, while a substance with low viscosity flows quickly. Density (A) is the measure of mass per unit volume; conductivity (C) is the ability of a material to conduct electricity or heat, and reactivity (D) refers to how readily a substance undergoes chemical reactions. Therefore, the correct answer is B, viscosity, as it directly relates to a substance's resistance to flow.

2. Which of the following components is found in DNA?

• A. Uracil
• B. Deoxyribose
• C. Guanine
• D. Phosphate group

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Deoxyribose. DNA is composed of nucleotides containing deoxyribose sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous bases (adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine). Deoxyribose is the sugar component specific to DNA, while ribose is found in RNA. Guanine (choice C) is a nitrogenous base present in both DNA and RNA. Uracil (choice A) is a nitrogenous base specific to RNA, replacing thymine found in DNA. The phosphate group (choice D) is an essential part of nucleotides in both DNA and RNA, providing the backbone structure for the nucleic acid chains.

3. What is the function of the pons?

• A. Center for emotion and motivation
• B. Control production of hormones
• C. Relay messages from the cortex to the cerebellum
• D. Responsible for involuntary actions like breathing

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct function of the pons is to relay messages from the cortex to the cerebellum. The pons acts as a bridge between different brain regions, facilitating communication and coordination of movements. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. The pons is not the center for emotion and motivation, does not control hormone production, and is not primarily responsible for involuntary actions like breathing. Understanding the role of the pons in relaying messages between brain regions is crucial for comprehending its function in the central nervous system.

4. What type of muscle is found in the walls of hollow organs like the intestines?

• A. Cardiac muscle
• B. Smooth muscle
• C. Skeletal muscle
• D. Voluntary muscle

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Smooth muscle is the correct type of muscle found in the walls of hollow organs like the intestines. It is responsible for movements such as peristalsis, aiding in the movement of food and other materials through the digestive system. Cardiac muscle (Choice A) is found in the heart and is responsible for the heart's contractions, not in hollow organs like the intestines. Skeletal muscle (Choice C) is attached to bones and responsible for voluntary movements, not in hollow organ walls. Voluntary muscle (Choice D) is another term for skeletal muscle, which is under conscious control, unlike smooth muscle in hollow organ walls.

5. Which of the following is used to record the measurable electrical activity of the brain?

• A. CAT scan
• B. MRI scan
• C. Electroencephalogram (EEG)
• D. X-ray

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is an Electroencephalogram (EEG). An EEG is specifically designed to record the measurable electrical activity of the brain. It does so by using small, flat metal discs (electrodes) attached to the scalp to detect brain activity. This test is crucial in diagnosing various conditions like seizures, epilepsy, head injuries, dizziness, headaches, and brain tumors. The other options, CAT scan, MRI scan, and X-ray, are imaging techniques that do not directly measure the brain's electrical activity. CAT scan and MRI scan provide detailed images of the brain's structure, while X-ray is more suited for visualizing bone structures or dense tissues.

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