Nursing Elites

1. Which part of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs?

• A. Left atrium
• B. Right atrium
• C. Left ventricle
• D. Right ventricle

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, the left atrium. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs, which is then pumped into the left ventricle and out to the rest of the body. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body and sends it to the right ventricle to be pumped to the lungs for oxygenation. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not directly receive oxygenated blood from the lungs.

2. Which of the following is most different from the others?

• A. Thyroid gland
• B. Stomach
• C. Intestines
• D. Pancreas

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, 'Stomach.' The stomach is an organ of the digestive system responsible for breaking down food through mechanical and chemical digestion. In contrast, the thyroid, intestines, and pancreas are glands. The thyroid gland regulates metabolism through hormone secretion, the intestines aid in digestion and nutrient absorption, and the pancreas secretes digestive enzymes and hormones. Therefore, the stomach is functionally different from the other options as it is an organ involved in digestion, while the others are glands with specific secretory functions.

3. Which of the following infectious diseases can be caused by a protozoan parasite?

• A. Measles
• B. Malaria
• C. Mumps
• D. Mononucleosis

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Malaria. Malaria is caused by Plasmodium, a protozoan parasite transmitted through the bite of infected mosquitoes. Measles and mumps are viral diseases caused by separate viruses. Mononucleosis, on the other hand, is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, which is also a viral infection. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they are caused by viruses, not protozoa.

4. What is the main function of white blood cells?

• A. Transport oxygen
• B. Fight infection
• C. Produce antibodies
• D. Regulate body temperature

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The main function of white blood cells is to fight infection, making choice B the correct answer. White blood cells are a crucial component of the immune system, working to defend the body against pathogens and foreign invaders. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because white blood cells do not primarily transport oxygen, produce antibodies, or regulate body temperature. While some blood cells are involved in these functions, the primary role of white blood cells is to combat infections and maintain the body's immune response.

5. Muscle soreness after exercise is often caused by microscopic tears in muscle fibers. This is called

• A. Atrophy
• B. Hypertrophy
• C. DOMS (Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness)
• D. Spasm

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Muscle soreness after exercise is often caused by microscopic tears in muscle fibers, leading to Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS). Atrophy refers to the wasting away of muscle tissue, hypertrophy is the increase in muscle size, and spasm is an involuntary contraction of a muscle. DOMS typically occurs 24 to 72 hours after intense exercise and is characterized by muscle stiffness, tenderness, and reduced range of motion. It is a normal response to unfamiliar or strenuous physical activity and indicates that the muscles are adapting to the workload. Therefore, the correct answer is C (DOMS) as it specifically describes the phenomenon of muscle soreness resulting from microscopic tears in muscle fibers, distinguishing it from the other choices which refer to different physiological processes or conditions.

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