which of the following correctly orders the layers of the epidermis from most superficial to deepest

ATI TEAS 7

Practice Science TEAS Test

1. Which of the following correctly orders the layers of the epidermis from most superficial to deepest?

A. S. spinosum, S. basale, S. corneum, S. granulosum, S. lucidum
B. S. corneum, S. lucidum, S. granulosum, S. spinosum, S. basale
C. S. corneum, S. spinosum, S. basale, S. granulosum, S. lucidum
D. S. basale, S. spinosum, S. granulosum, S. lucidum, S. corneum

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct order of the layers of the epidermis from most superficial to deepest is: Stratum corneum, Stratum lucidum, Stratum granulosum, Stratum spinosum, Stratum basale. Choice B, 'S. corneum, S. lucidum, S. granulosum, S. spinosum, S. basale,' provides the accurate layering from the outermost to the innermost layer of the epidermis. Choice A is incorrect as it starts with Stratum spinosum, which is not the most superficial layer. Choice C is incorrect as it places Stratum spinosum before Stratum basale. Choice D is incorrect as it starts with Stratum basale, which is the deepest layer of the epidermis.

2. Which of the following statements best defines an organelle?

A. Layer of polysaccharides outside the plasma membrane of cells.
B. Abnormal infectious proteins.
C. Specialized structures within a cell.
D. Collection of tissues used to serve a specific function.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Specialized structures within a cell.' An organelle is a specialized subunit within a cell that has a specific function. Organelles are membrane-bound structures found within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, each performing distinct roles that contribute to the overall functioning of the cell. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Option A describes the glycocalyx, which is a layer of polysaccharides outside the plasma membrane of cells. Option B refers to prions, abnormal infectious proteins. Option D defines an organ, a collection of tissues used to serve a specific function, rather than an organelle within a cell.

3. The transfer of energy through feeding relationships in an ecosystem is called a:

A. Food Chain
B. Food Web
C. Habitat
D. Biome

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A food chain is a linear sequence of organisms where each organism consumes the one below it and is consumed by the one above it. This transfer of energy through feeding relationships is a fundamental concept in ecology to understand how energy flows through an ecosystem. In a food chain, energy is transferred from producers (plants) to primary consumers (herbivores), then to secondary consumers (carnivores), and so on. Each step in the food chain represents a trophic level, and energy is lost as heat at each level, resulting in a pyramid-shaped energy flow. Food webs, on the other hand, represent a more complex network of interconnected food chains within an ecosystem. Habitats refer to the specific environments where organisms live, and biomes are large geographical areas characterized by specific climates and vegetation types. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Food Chain' as it specifically describes the linear transfer of energy through feeding relationships in an ecosystem.

4. What is the function of platelets in the blood?

A. To transport oxygen
B. To clot blood
C. To fight infection
D. To transport nutrients

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Platelets play a crucial role in clotting blood to prevent excessive bleeding when injuries occur. They are responsible for initiating the coagulation process by forming clots at the site of injury, sealing the damaged blood vessels, and preventing further blood loss. Platelets do not primarily transport oxygen, fight infection, or transport nutrients. While red blood cells are responsible for carrying oxygen, white blood cells are involved in fighting infections, and nutrients are transported by plasma, platelets' main function is related to hemostasis and wound healing.

5. Unlike the circulatory system, the lymphatic system does not have a pump. How does lymph move through the lymphatic vessels?

A. By the pumping action of the heart
B. Due to muscle contractions and breathing movements
C. Through one-way valves within the vessels
D. All of the above

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Lymph moves through the lymphatic vessels primarily due to muscle contractions and breathing movements and also with the help of one-way valves within the vessels. The lymphatic system lacks a central pump like the heart; hence, it relies on the contraction of surrounding muscles and breathing movements to propel lymph fluid. One-way valves within the lymphatic vessels prevent backflow and ensure the unidirectional flow of lymph. Option A is incorrect as the lymphatic system does not rely on the pumping action of the heart. Option D is incorrect as the correct answer is the combination of muscle contractions, breathing movements, and one-way valves, not all the options provided.