Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following substances is a common base found in household products?

• A. Sodium chloride (NaCl)
• B. Ammonia (NH₃)
• C. Vinegar
• D. Lemon juice

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, Ammonia (NH₃). Ammonia is commonly found in household products and is used in cleaning agents due to its alkaline properties. Sodium chloride (NaCl) is a common salt and not a base. Vinegar is acetic acid, which is acidic in nature. Lemon juice contains citric acid, making it acidic as well. Therefore, ammonia is the only base among the choices provided.

2. Which of the following statements is NOT true about DNA?

• A. DNA contains the nucleotides A, T, C, G and is read 5' to 3'.
• B. DNA contains genetic information and is tightly coiled with proteins to form chromosomes.
• C. DNA contains the nucleotides A, T, C, G and is read 3' to 5'.
• D. DNA is a double-stranded molecule connected by hydrogen bonds.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because DNA is typically read from the 5' end to the 3' end, not from 3' to 5'. Choices A, B, and D are all true statements about DNA. DNA contains the nucleotides A, T, C, G and is read in a 5' to 3' direction. DNA also contains genetic information and is tightly coiled with proteins to form chromosomes. Additionally, DNA is a double-stranded molecule connected by hydrogen bonds.

3. An object is thrown upwards and reaches a maximum height. Which of the following statements is TRUE about its velocity and acceleration at the peak?

• A. Velocity is zero and acceleration is maximum upwards.
• B. Velocity is maximum and acceleration is zero.
• C. Velocity is maximum and acceleration is maximum upwards.
• D. Velocity is zero and acceleration is maximum downwards.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: At the peak of the object's motion, its velocity is zero because it momentarily stops before changing direction and starts to fall back down. The acceleration at the peak is maximum upwards as gravity is acting against the object's motion, slowing it down until it stops momentarily. Choice A is correct because at the peak, the object's velocity is zero, and the acceleration is maximum upwards. Choice B is incorrect because the velocity is not maximum but zero at the peak. Choice C is incorrect as both velocity and acceleration are not maximum at the peak. Choice D is incorrect as the acceleration at the peak is upwards, opposing the object's motion, not downwards.

4. What is the most basic unit of structure in living things?

• A. Cell
• B. Organelle
• C. Oxygen
• D. Pigment

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The cell is indeed the most basic unit of life, forming the foundation of all living organisms. Cells are the building blocks of all living things, containing organelles that perform specific functions. While oxygen is essential for life, it is not a structural unit. Similarly, pigment is a component found within cells but is not the fundamental unit of structure. Therefore, the correct answer is 'A: Cell.'

5. What are the primary differences between systemic and pulmonary circulation?

• A. Systemic circulation is shorter and has lower blood pressure
• B. Pulmonary circulation is shorter and has higher blood pressure
• C. Systemic circulation is longer and has higher blood pressure
• D. Systemic circulation is shorter but has higher blood pressure

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Systemic circulation is longer as it involves carrying oxygenated blood throughout the body, requiring higher blood pressure. Pulmonary circulation is shorter and involves the flow of blood only through the lungs, hence having lower blood pressure. Therefore, systemic circulation is longer and has higher blood pressure compared to pulmonary circulation. Choice A is incorrect as systemic circulation is longer, not shorter, and has higher blood pressure. Choice B is incorrect as pulmonary circulation has lower blood pressure, not higher. Choice D is incorrect as systemic circulation is longer, not shorter, despite having higher blood pressure.

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