Nursing Elites

1. What is the role of the large intestine in the digestive system?

• A. To break down proteins
• B. To absorb water and form feces
• C. To digest fats
• D. To neutralize stomach acid

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. The large intestine plays a crucial role in absorbing water from indigestible food matter and forming feces for elimination. Choice A is incorrect because the breakdown of proteins primarily occurs in the stomach and small intestine. Choice C is incorrect as the digestion of fats primarily occurs in the small intestine. Choice D is incorrect as neutralizing stomach acid is mainly the function of the stomach lining and not the large intestine.

2. Which of the following statements regarding the working of the heart is not correct?

• A. The atria contract, and the valves open to allow blood into the ventricles.
• B. The heartbeat begins when the heart muscles relax, and blood flows into the atria.
• C. The valves close to stop blood from flowing backward.
• D. The ventricles contract, forcing blood to leave the heart.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because the heartbeat actually begins when the heart muscles relax, allowing the chambers to fill with blood. The contraction phase follows, which propels blood out of the heart. The other statements are accurate in describing the normal sequence of events in the heart's functioning: the atria contract to push blood into the ventricles, the valves close to prevent backflow of blood, and the ventricles contract to pump blood out of the heart.

3. How many kilograms are in 1,800 grams?

• A. 0.18
• B. 1.8
• C. 18
• D. 180

Correct answer: B

Rationale: To convert grams to kilograms, divide by 1,000 since there are 1,000 grams in a kilogram. Therefore, 1,800 grams is equal to 1.8 kilograms (1,800 / 1,000 = 1.8). Choice A (0.18) is incorrect because it incorrectly shifted the decimal point. Choice C (18) is incorrect as it represents the direct conversion without dividing by 1,000. Choice D (180) is incorrect as it is in the hundreds and not the correct conversion to kilograms. The correct answer is B.

4. Which structure in the skin is responsible for producing oil that keeps the skin and hair moisturized?

• A. Sudoriferous gland
• B. Sebaceous gland
• C. Hair follicle
• D. Melanocyte

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sebaceous gland. Sebaceous glands are responsible for producing oil (sebum) that keeps the skin and hair moisturized. Sudoriferous glands produce sweat, not oil, and are involved in temperature regulation. Hair follicles are responsible for hair growth and do not produce oil directly. Melanocytes are cells responsible for producing melanin, the pigment that gives skin its color, and are not involved in oil production.

5. How can a concave mirror be used?

• A. Focus light to a single point
• B. Create only virtual images
• C. Always magnify objects
• D. Scatter light

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A concave mirror can be used to focus light to a single point. This property is known as converging light rays to a focal point. When light rays parallel to the principal axis strike a concave mirror, they converge at a specific point called the focal point. This ability to focus light makes concave mirrors useful in applications such as reflecting telescopes and shaving mirrors. Choice B is incorrect because concave mirrors can create both real and virtual images, depending on the object's position relative to the mirror. Choice C is incorrect as concave mirrors can magnify, reduce, or maintain the size of objects, depending on the object's position and the distance from the mirror. Choice D is incorrect as concave mirrors do not scatter light but instead have the ability to reflect and focus light to produce clear images.

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